10NaCl + 32Hg(OH)2 + 32H+ 🔥→ 4NaClO4 + 6Na+ + 3Hg2Cl2 + 13Hg22+ + 48H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and mercury(II) hydroxide under acidic condition
- 10NaClSodium chloride + 32Hg(OH)2Mercury(II) hydroxide + 32H+Hydrogen ion4NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 6Na+Sodium ion + 3Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 13Hg22+Dimercury(I) ion + 48H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, mercury(II) hydroxide, and hydrogen ion yields sodium perchlorate, sodium ion, mercury(I) chloride, dimercury(I) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and mercury(II) hydroxide under acidic condition
- 10NaClSodium chloride + 32Hg(OH)2Mercury(II) hydroxide + 32H+Hydrogen ion4NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 6Na+Sodium ion + 3Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 13Hg22+Dimercury(I) ion + 48H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and mercury(II) hydroxide under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 10 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Hg(OH)2 | Mercury(II) hydroxide | 32 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 32 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 6 | – | – |
| Hg2Cl2 | Mercury(I) chloride | 3 | Reduced | – |
| Hg22+ | Dimercury(I) ion | 13 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 48 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution
- Reaction of sodium chloride and mercury(II) hydroxide under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 53.2 kJ/mol K 0.48 × 10−9 pK 9.32
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 246.3 | 53.2 | 651 | – |
per 1 mol of | 24.63 | 5.32 | 65.1 | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) hydroxide | 7.697 | 1.66 | 20.3 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 7.697 | 1.66 | 20.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 61.58 | 13.3 | 163 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 41.05 | 8.87 | 109 | – |
per 1 mol of | 82.10 | 17.7 | 217 | – |
per 1 mol of Dimercury(I) ion | 18.95 | 4.09 | 50.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 5.131 | 1.11 | 13.6 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| Hg(OH)2 (ao) | -355.2[1] | -274.8[1] | 142[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | – |
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| Hg2Cl2 (cr) | -265.22[1] | -210.745[1] | 192.5[1] | – |
| Hg22+ (ao) | 172.4[1] | 153.52[1] | 84.5[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -355.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -274.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -383.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -254.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -270.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 241.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -494.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -265.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 172.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 153.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 84.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1