118NaCl + 70CsClO4 + 118H+ 🔥→ 118Na+ + 108ClO2↑ + 5Cl2O↑ + 70CsCl + 59H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 118NaClSodium chloride + 70CsClO4Caesium perchlorate + 118H+Hydrogen ion118Na+Sodium ion + 108ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 5Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + 70CsClCaesium chloride + 59H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, caesium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, chlorine dioxide, dichlorine monoxide, caesium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 118NaClSodium chloride + 70CsClO4Caesium perchlorate + 118H+Hydrogen ion118Na+Sodium ion + 108ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 5Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + 70CsClCaesium chloride + 59H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 118 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| CsClO4 | Caesium perchlorate | 70 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 118 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 118 | – | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 108 | Redoxed product | – |
| Cl2O | Dichlorine monoxide | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| CsCl | Caesium chloride | 70 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 59 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 6408.8 kJ/mol K 0.17 × 10−1122 pK 1122.77
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 11683.8 | 6408.8 | 17738.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 99.0153 | 54.312 | 150.325 | – |
per 1 mol of | 166.911 | 91.554 | 253.404 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 99.0153 | 54.312 | 150.325 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 99.0153 | 54.312 | 150.325 | – |
per 1 mol of | 108.183 | 59.341 | 164.244 | – |
per 1 mol of | 2336.76 | 1281.8 | 3547.66 | – |
per 1 mol of | 166.911 | 91.554 | 253.404 | – |
per 1 mol of | 198.031 | 108.62 | 300.649 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 6365.6 kJ/mol K 0.62 × 10−1115 pK 1115.20
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 8703.0 | 6365.6 | 7797.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.754 | 53.946 | 66.084 | – |
per 1 mol of | 124.33 | 90.937 | 111.40 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 73.754 | 53.946 | 66.084 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 73.754 | 53.946 | 66.084 | – |
per 1 mol of | 80.583 | 58.941 | 72.203 | – |
per 1 mol of | 1740.6 | 1273.1 | 1559.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 124.33 | 90.937 | 111.40 | – |
per 1 mol of | 147.51 | 107.89 | 132.17 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| CsClO4 (cr) | -443.09[1] | -314.26[1] | 175.06[1] | 108.28[1] |
| CsClO4 (ai) | -387.61[1] | -300.54[1] | 315.1[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| Cl2O (g) | 80.3[1] | 97.9[1] | 266.21[1] | 45.40[1] |
| CsCl (cr) | -443.04[1] | -414.53[1] | 101.17[1] | 52.47[1] |
| CsCl (g) | -240.20[1] | -257.80[1] | 255.96[1] | 36.94[1] |
| CsCl (ai) | -425.43[1] | -423.24[1] | 189.54[1] | -146.9[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -443.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -314.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 175.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 108.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -387.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 315.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 80.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 97.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -443.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 101.17 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -257.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 255.96 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -425.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -423.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 189.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -146.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1