12CuBr + 14HNO3 + 18H+ 🔥→ 3Cu(NO3)2 + 9Cu2+ + 6Br2 + 8NO↑ + 16H2O
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- Reaction of copper(I) bromide and nitric acid under acidic condition
- 12CuBrCopper(I) bromide + 14HNO3Nitric acid + 18H+Hydrogen ion3Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate + 9Cu2+Copper(II) ion + 6 + 8NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 16H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of copper(I) bromide, nitric acid, and hydrogen ion yields copper(II) nitrate, copper(II) ion, , nitrogen monoxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of copper(I) bromide and nitric acid under acidic condition
- 12CuBrCopper(I) bromide + 14HNO3Nitric acid + 18H+Hydrogen ion3Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate + 9Cu2+Copper(II) ion + 6 + 8NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 16H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of copper(I) bromide and nitric acid under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuBr | Copper(I) bromide | 12 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 14 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 18 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 | Copper(II) nitrate | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| Cu2+ | Copper(II) ion | 9 | Oxidized | – |
| 6 | Oxidized | – | ||
| NO | Nitrogen monoxide | 8 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 16 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of copper(I) bromide and nitric acid under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −192.6 kJ/mol K 5.52 × 1033 pK −33.74
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −175.5 | −192.6 | 68.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | −14.63 | −16.05 | 5.68 | – |
per 1 mol of | −12.54 | −13.76 | 4.87 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −9.750 | −10.70 | 3.79 | – |
per 1 mol of | −58.50 | −64.20 | 22.7 | – |
per 1 mol of Copper(II) ion | −19.50 | −21.40 | 7.58 | – |
| −29.25 | −32.10 | 11.4 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −21.94 | −24.07 | 8.53 | – |
per 1 mol of | −10.97 | −12.04 | 4.26 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuBr (cr) | -104.6[1] | -100.8[1] | 96.11[1] | 54.73[1] |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) | -302.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (ai) | -349.95[1] | -157.02[1] | 193.3[1] | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1217.1[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2110.8[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu2+ (g) | 3054.07[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu2+ (ao) | 64.77[1] | 65.49[1] | -99.6[1] | – |
| (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| (l) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 152.231[1] | 75.689[1] |
| (g) | 30.907[1] | 3.110[1] | 245.463[1] | 36.02[1] |
| (ao) | -2.59[1] | 3.93[1] | 130.5[1] | – |
| NO (g) | 90.25[1] | 86.55[1] | 210.761[1] | 29.844[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -104.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -100.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 96.11 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.73 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -302.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -349.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -157.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 193.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1217.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2110.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 3054.07 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 64.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 65.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -99.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 152.231 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.689 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 30.907 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 3.110 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 245.463 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2.59 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 3.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 90.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 86.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.761 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.844 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1