12Cu + 2Au(OH)3 → 6Cu2O + 2Au + 3H2↑
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- Reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide
The reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide yields copper(I) oxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| Au(OH)3 | Gold(III) hydroxide | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu2O | Copper(I) oxide | 6 | Oxidized | – |
| 2 | Reduced | – | ||
| 3 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide◆
ΔrG −242.2 kJ/mol K 2.70 × 1042 pK −42.43
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −162.2 | −242.2 | 268.9 | – |
| −13.52 | −20.18 | 22.41 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −81.10 | −121.1 | 134.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −27.03 | −40.37 | 44.82 | – |
| −81.10 | −121.1 | 134.4 | – | |
| −54.07 | −80.73 | 89.63 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide◆
ΔrG −309.3 kJ/mol K 1.54 × 1054 pK −54.19
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −309.3 | – | – |
| – | −25.78 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | −154.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −51.55 | – | – |
| – | −154.7 | – | – | |
| – | −103.1 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and gold(III) hydroxide◆
ΔrG −256.5 kJ/mol K 8.65 × 1044 pK −44.94
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −256.5 | – | – |
| – | −21.38 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | −128.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −42.75 | – | – |
| – | −128.3 | – | – | |
| – | −85.50 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| Au(OH)3 (cr) precipitated | -424.7[1] | -316.92[1] | 189.5[1] | – |
| Au(OH)3 (ao) | – | -283.37[1] | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu2O (cr) | -168.6[1] | -146.0[1] | 93.14[1] | 63.64[1] |
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 47.40[1] | 25.418[1] |
| (g) | 366.1[1] | 326.3[1] | 180.503[1] | 20.786[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 33.150 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.435 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 338.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 298.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -424.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -316.92 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 189.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -168.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -146.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 93.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 63.64 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 47.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 25.418 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 366.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 326.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 180.503 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1