13CaCl2 + 16KMnO4 + 58H+ → 13Ca2+ + 10HClO4 + 16Mn2+ + 16KCl + 24H2O
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- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 13CaCl2Calcium chloride + 16KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 58H+Hydrogen ion13Ca2+Calcium ion + 10HClO4Perchloric acid + 16Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 16KClPotassium chloride + 24H2OWater⟶
The reaction of calcium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields calcium ion, perchloric acid, manganese(II) ion, potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 13CaCl2Calcium chloride + 16KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 58H+Hydrogen ion13Ca2+Calcium ion + 10HClO4Perchloric acid + 16Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 16KClPotassium chloride + 24H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaCl2 | Calcium chloride | 13 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 16 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 58 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ | Calcium ion | 13 | – | – |
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 10 | Oxidized | – |
| Mn2+ | Manganese(II) ion | 16 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 16 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 24 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of calcium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −958.1 kJ/mol K 7.11 × 10167 pK −167.85
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1351.0 | −958.1 | −1302.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −103.92 | −73.70 | −100.21 | – |
per 1 mol of | −84.438 | −59.88 | −81.419 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −23.293 | −16.52 | −22.460 | – |
per 1 mol of Calcium ion | −103.92 | −73.70 | −100.21 | – |
per 1 mol of | −135.10 | −95.81 | −130.27 | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | −84.438 | −59.88 | −81.419 | – |
per 1 mol of | −84.438 | −59.88 | −81.419 | – |
per 1 mol of | −56.292 | −39.92 | −54.279 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaCl2 (cr) | -795.8[1] | -748.1[1] | 104.6[1] | 72.59[1] |
| CaCl2 (g) | -471.5[1] | -479.24[1] | 290.27[1] | 59.33[1] |
| CaCl2 (ai) | -877.13[1] | -816.01[1] | 59.8[1] | – |
| CaCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1109.2[1] | – | – | – |
| CaCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1402.9[1] | – | – | – |
| CaCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2009.6[1] | – | – | – |
| CaCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2607.9[1] | – | – | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca2+ (g) | 1925.90[1] | – | – | – |
| Ca2+ (ao) | -542.83[1] | -553.58[1] | -53.1[1] | – |
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn2+ (g) | 2519.69[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn2+ (ao) | -220.75[1] | -228.1[1] | -73.6[1] | 50[1] |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -795.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -748.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 104.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -471.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -479.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 290.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 59.33 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -877.13 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -816.01 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1109.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1402.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2009.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2607.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1925.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -542.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -553.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -53.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2519.69 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -220.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1