14NaCl + 5Cd(NO3)2 + 4H+ 🔥→ 10NaNO2 + 4Na+ + 4ClO2↑ + 5CdCl2 + 2H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 14NaClSodium chloride + 5Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 4H+Hydrogen ion10NaNO2Sodium nitrite + 4Na+Sodium ion + 4ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 5CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, cadmium nitrate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium nitrite, sodium ion, chlorine dioxide, cadmium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- 14NaClSodium chloride + 5Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 4H+Hydrogen ion10NaNO2Sodium nitrite + 4Na+Sodium ion + 4ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 5CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 14 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Cd(NO3)2 | Cadmium nitrate | 5 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 4 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaNO2 | Sodium nitrite | 10 | Reduced | – |
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 4 | – | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| CdCl2 | Cadmium chloride | 5 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1323.2 kJ/mol K 0.15 × 10−231 pK 231.81
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1533.7 | 1323.2 | 706.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 109.55 | 94.514 | 50.44 | – |
per 1 mol of | 306.74 | 264.64 | 141.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 383.43 | 330.80 | 176.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 153.37 | 132.32 | 70.62 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 383.43 | 330.80 | 176.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 383.43 | 330.80 | 176.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 306.74 | 264.64 | 141.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 766.85 | 661.60 | 353.1 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1227.1 kJ/mol K 0.11 × 10−214 pK 214.98
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1559.7 | 1227.1 | 1116.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 111.41 | 87.650 | 79.764 | – |
per 1 mol of | 311.94 | 245.42 | 223.34 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 389.93 | 306.77 | 279.18 | – |
per 1 mol of | 155.97 | 122.71 | 111.67 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 389.93 | 306.77 | 279.18 | – |
per 1 mol of | 389.93 | 306.77 | 279.18 | – |
per 1 mol of | 311.94 | 245.42 | 223.34 | – |
per 1 mol of | 779.85 | 613.55 | 558.35 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1321.6 kJ/mol K 0.29 × 10−231 pK 231.53
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1423.3 | 1321.6 | 338.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 101.66 | 94.400 | 24.14 | – |
per 1 mol of | 284.66 | 264.32 | 67.60 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 355.82 | 330.40 | 84.50 | – |
per 1 mol of | 142.33 | 132.16 | 33.80 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 355.82 | 330.40 | 84.50 | – |
per 1 mol of | 355.82 | 330.40 | 84.50 | – |
per 1 mol of | 284.66 | 264.32 | 67.60 | – |
per 1 mol of | 711.65 | 660.80 | 169.0 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1225.5 kJ/mol K 0.20 × 10−214 pK 214.70
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1449.3 | 1225.5 | 748.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.52 | 87.536 | 53.46 | – |
per 1 mol of | 289.86 | 245.10 | 149.7 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 362.32 | 306.38 | 187.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 144.93 | 122.55 | 74.85 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 362.32 | 306.38 | 187.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 362.32 | 306.38 | 187.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 289.86 | 245.10 | 149.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 724.65 | 612.75 | 374.3 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) | -456.31[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (ai) | -490.62[1] | -300.11[1] | 219.7[1] | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1055.62[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1648.96[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaNO2 (cr) | -358.65[1] | -284.55[1] | 103.8[1] | – |
| NaNO2 (ai) | -344.8[1] | -294.1[1] | 182.0[1] | -51.0[1] |
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) | -391.50[1] | -343.93[1] | 115.27[1] | 74.68[1] |
| CdCl2 (ai) | -410.20[1] | -340.068[1] | 39.7[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (ao) | -405.0[1] | -359.29[1] | 121.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -688.44[1] | -586.975[1] | 167.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) 2.5 hydrate | -1131.94[1] | -943.939[1] | 227.2[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -456.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -490.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 219.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1055.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1648.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -358.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -284.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 103.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -344.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -294.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -51.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -391.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -343.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 74.68 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -410.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -340.068 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 39.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -405.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -359.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -688.44 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -586.975 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 167.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1131.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -943.939 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 227.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1