14Na + 2KClO4 → 7Na2O + Cl2↑ + K2O
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- Reaction of and potassium perchlorate
The reaction of and potassium perchlorate yields sodium oxide, , and potassium oxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and potassium perchlorate
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and potassium perchlorate
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
14 | Reducing | Reducing | ||
KClO4 | Potassium perchlorate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na2O | Sodium oxide | 7 | Oxidized | – |
1 | Reduced | – | ||
K2O | Potassium oxide | 1 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and potassium perchlorate◆
ΔrG −2344.1 kJ/mol K 4.66 × 10410 pK −410.67
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −2395.5 | −2344.1 | −176.4 | −18.7 |
−171.11 | −167.44 | −12.60 | −1.34 | |
per 1 mol of | −1197.8 | −1172.0 | −88.20 | −9.35 |
per 1 mol of | −342.21 | −334.87 | −25.20 | −2.67 |
−2395.5 | −2344.1 | −176.4 | −18.7 | |
per 1 mol of | −2395.5 | −2344.1 | −176.4 | −18.7 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and potassium perchlorate◆
ΔrG −2366.7 kJ/mol K 4.25 × 10414 pK −414.63
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −2497.6 | −2366.7 | −443.4 | – |
−178.40 | −169.05 | −31.67 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −1248.8 | −1183.3 | −221.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −356.80 | −338.10 | −63.34 | – |
−2497.6 | −2366.7 | −443.4 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −2497.6 | −2366.7 | −443.4 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and potassium perchlorate◆
ΔrG −2359.8 kJ/mol K 2.62 × 10413 pK −413.42
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −2521.0 | −2359.8 | −545 | – |
−180.07 | −168.56 | −38.9 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −1260.5 | −1179.9 | −273 | – |
per 1 mol of | −360.14 | −337.11 | −77.9 | – |
−2521.0 | −2359.8 | −545 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −2521.0 | −2359.8 | −545 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 51.21[1] | 28.24[1] |
(g) | 107.32[1] | 76.761[1] | 153.712[1] | 20.786[1] |
KClO4 (cr) | -432.75[1] | -303.09[1] | 151.0[1] | 112.38[1] |
KClO4 (ai) | -381.71[1] | -291.79[1] | 284.5[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na2O (cr) | -414.22[1] | -375.46[1] | 75.06[1] | 69.12[1] |
Na2O (g) | -35.6[1] | -52.3[1] | 261.2[1] | 55.2[1] |
(g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
(ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
K2O (cr) | -361.5[1] | -322.1[2] | 94.1[2] | 83.7[2] |
K2O (g) | -63[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 51.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 107.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 76.761 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 153.712 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -432.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -303.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 151.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 112.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -381.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -291.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 284.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -414.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -375.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 75.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 69.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -35.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -52.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 261.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 55.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -361.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -63. kJ · mol−1
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfG°, -322.1 kJ · mol−1 - p.280
- ^ S°, 94.1 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.280
- ^ Cp°, 83.7 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.280