16Au + 15NaClO2 + 54H+ 🔥→ 3H[AuCl4] + 13Au3+ + 15Na+ + 3HClO2 + 24H2O
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- Reaction of and sodium chlorite under acidic condition
- 16 + 15NaClO2Sodium chlorite + 54H+Hydrogen ion3H[AuCl4]Tetrachloridoauric(III) acid + 13Au3+Gold(III) ion + 15Na+Sodium ion + 3HClO2Chlorous acid + 24H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of , sodium chlorite, and hydrogen ion yields tetrachloridoauric(III) acid, gold(III) ion, sodium ion, chlorous acid, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and sodium chlorite under acidic condition
- 16 + 15NaClO2Sodium chlorite + 54H+Hydrogen ion3H[AuCl4]Tetrachloridoauric(III) acid + 13Au3+Gold(III) ion + 15Na+Sodium ion + 3HClO2Chlorous acid + 24H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and sodium chlorite under acidic condition
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
16 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable | ||
NaClO2 | Sodium chlorite | 15 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
H+ | Hydrogen ion | 54 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
H[AuCl4] | Tetrachloridoauric(III) acid | 3 | Redoxed product | – |
Au3+ | Gold(III) ion | 13 | Oxidized | – |
Na+ | Sodium ion | 15 | – | – |
HClO2 | Chlorous acid | 3 | – | – |
H2O | Water | 24 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 47.40[1] | 25.418[1] |
(g) | 366.1[1] | 326.3[1] | 180.503[1] | 20.786[1] |
NaClO2 (cr) | -307.02[1] | – | – | – |
NaClO2 (ai) | -306.7[1] | -244.7[1] | 160.2[1] | – |
NaClO2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1192.77[1] | – | – | – |
H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
H[AuCl4] | – | – | – | – |
Au3+ | – | – | – | – |
Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
HClO2 (ao) | -51.9[1] | 5.9[1] | 188.3[1] | – |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 47.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 25.418 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 366.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 326.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 180.503 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -307.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -306.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -244.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 160.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1192.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -51.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 5.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1