NH4CN + HCl → NH4Cl + HCN
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The reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride yields ammonium chloride and hydrogen cyanide. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride
General equation
- Salt of weak acidBrønsted base + Strong acidBrønsted acid ⟶ Salt of strong acidConjugate base + Weak acidConjugate acid
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4CN | Ammonium cyanide | 1 | Brønsted base | Salt of weak acid |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 1 | Brønsted acid | Strong acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4Cl | Ammonium chloride | 1 | Conjugate base | Salt of strong acid |
| HCN | Hydrogen cyanide | 1 | Conjugate acid | Weak acid |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −113.67 | – | – | −8 |
per 1 mol of | −113.67 | – | – | −8 |
per 1 mol of | −113.67 | – | – | −8 |
per 1 mol of | −113.67 | – | – | −8 |
per 1 mol of | −113.67 | – | – | −8 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −52.6 kJ/mol K 1.64 × 109 pK −9.22
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −43.4 | −52.6 | 30.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −43.4 | −52.6 | 30.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −43.4 | −52.6 | 30.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −43.4 | −52.6 | 30.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −43.4 | −52.6 | 30.6 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −57.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −57.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −57.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −57.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −57.6 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG 0.1 kJ/mol K 0.96 × 100 pK 0.02
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of ammonium cyanide and hydrogen chloride
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −14.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −14.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −14.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −14.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −14.1 | – | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4CN (cr) | 0.42[1] | – | – | 134[1] |
| NH4CN (ai) | 18.0[1] | 93.0[1] | 207.5[1] | – |
| NH4CN (aq) | 32.2[1] | – | – | – |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (aq):Aqueous solution, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4Cl (cr) | -314.43[1] | -202.87[1] | 94.6[1] | 84.1[1] |
| NH4Cl (ai) | -299.66[1] | -210.52[1] | 169.9[1] | -56.5[1] |
| HCN (l) | 108.87[1] | 124.97[1] | 112.84[1] | 70.63[1] |
| HCN (g) | 135.1[1] | 124.7[1] | 201.78[1] | 35.86[1] |
| HCN (ai) | 150.6[1] | 172.4[1] | 94.1[1] | – |
| HCN (ao) | 107.1[1] | 119.7[1] | 124.7[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0.42 kJ · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 134. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 18.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 93.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 207.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 32.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -314.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -202.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 84.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -299.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 169.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 108.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 124.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 112.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 70.63 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 135.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 124.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 201.78 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 150.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 172.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 107.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 119.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 124.7 J · K−1 · mol−1