HCl + C6H5NH2 → C6H5NH3Cl
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The reaction of hydrogen chloride and aniline yields aniline hydrochloride. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
- Reaction of acid and base
- Reaction of acid and non hydroxide base
- Reaction of strong acid and weak base
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and aniline
General equation
- Reaction of acid and base
- AcidBrønsted acid + BaseBrønsted base ⟶ SaltConjugate base + (H2O)(Conjugate acid)
- Reaction of acid and non hydroxide base
- AcidBrønsted acid + Non hydroxide baseBrønsted base ⟶ SaltConjugate acid base
- Reaction of strong acid and weak base
- Strong acidBrønsted acid + Weak baseBrønsted base ⟶ Salt of strong acid and weak baseConjugate base + (H2O)(Conjugate acid)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and aniline
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 1 | Brønsted acid | Acid Strong acid |
| C6H5NH2 | Aniline | 1 | Brønsted base | Base Non hydroxide base Weak base |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6H5NH3Cl | Aniline hydrochloride | 1 | Conjugate base Conjugate acid base | Salt Salt of strong acid and weak base |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| C6H5NH2 (l) | 31.3[2] | 149.2[2] | 191.4[2] | 191.9[2] |
| C6H5NH2 (g) | 87.5[2] | -7.0[2] | 317.9[2] | 107.9[2] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C6H5NH3Cl | – | – | – | – |
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, 31.3 kJ · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ ΔfG°, 149.2 kJ · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ S°, 191.4 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ Cp°, 191.9 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ ΔfH°, 87.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ ΔfG°, -7.0 kJ · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ S°, 317.9 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.947
- ^ Cp°, 107.9 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.947