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HCN + KOH → KCN + H2O

The reaction of hydrogen cyanide and potassium hydroxide yields potassium cyanide and water. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of acid and base
AcidBrønsted acid + BaseBrønsted base
SaltConjugate base + (H2O)(Conjugate acid)
Reaction of acid and hydroxide base
AcidBrønsted acid + Hydroxide baseBrønsted base
SaltConjugate base + H2OConjugate acid
Reaction of weak acid and strong base
Weak acidBrønsted acid + Strong baseBrønsted base
Salt of weak acid and strong baseConjugate base + (H2O)(Conjugate acid)

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
HCNHydrogen cyanide1
Brønsted acid
Acid
Weak acid
KOHPotassium hydroxide1
Brønsted base
Base
Hydroxide base
Strong base

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
KCNPotassium cyanide1
Conjugate base
Salt
Salt of weak acid and strong base
H2OWater1
Conjugate acid
Water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and potassium hydroxide
ΔrG−84.88 kJ/mol
K7.42 × 1014
pK−14.87
HCNLiquid + KOHCrystalline solid
KCNCrystalline solid + H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−82.9−84.886.76.0
per 1 mol of
−82.9−84.886.76.0
−82.9−84.886.76.0
per 1 mol of
−82.9−84.886.76.0
per 1 mol of
−82.9−84.886.76.0

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and potassium hydroxide
ΔrG−79.9 kJ/mol
K9.95 × 1013
pK−14.00
HCNIonized aqueous solution + KOHIonized aqueous solution
KCNIonized aqueous solution + H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−55.8−79.980.8
per 1 mol of
−55.8−79.980.8
−55.8−79.980.8
per 1 mol of
−55.8−79.980.8
per 1 mol of
−55.8−79.980.8

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of hydrogen cyanide and potassium hydroxide
ΔrG−27.2 kJ/mol
K5.82 × 104
pK−4.77
HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + KOHIonized aqueous solution
KCNIonized aqueous solution + H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−12.3−27.250.2
per 1 mol of
−12.3−27.250.2
−12.3−27.250.2
per 1 mol of
−12.3−27.250.2
per 1 mol of
−12.3−27.250.2

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
HCN (l)108.87[1]124.97[1]112.84[1]70.63[1]
HCN (g)135.1[1]124.7[1]201.78[1]35.86[1]
HCN (ai)150.6[1]172.4[1]94.1[1]
HCN (ao)107.1[1]119.7[1]124.7[1]
KOH (cr)-424.764[1]-379.08[1]78.9[1]64.9[1]
KOH (g)-231.0[1]-232.6[1]238.3[1]49.20[1]
KOH (ai)-482.37[1]-440.50[1]91.6[1]-126.8[1]
KOH (cr)
1 hydrate
-748.9[1]-645.1[1]117.2[1]
KOH (cr)
2 hydrate
-1051.0[1]-887.3[1]150.6[1]
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
KCN (cr)-113.0[1]-101.86[1]128.49[1]66.27[1]
KCN (g)90.8[1]64.17[1]261.90[1]52.34[1]
KCN (ai)-101.7[1]-110.9[1]196.6[1]
H2O (cr)
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)