Li2CO3 + 2HCl → 2LiCl + H2CO3
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The reaction of lithium carbonate and hydrogen chloride yields lithium chloride and carbonic acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lithium carbonate and hydrogen chloride
General equation
- Salt of weak acidBrønsted base + Strong acidBrønsted acid ⟶ Salt of strong acidConjugate base + Weak acidConjugate acid
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lithium carbonate and hydrogen chloride
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li2CO3 | Lithium carbonate | 1 | Brønsted base | Salt of weak acid |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 2 | Brønsted acid | Strong acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiCl | Lithium chloride | 2 | Conjugate base | Salt of strong acid |
| H2CO3 | Carbonic acid | 1 | Conjugate acid | Weak acid |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of lithium carbonate and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −77.72 kJ/mol K 4.13 × 1013 pK −13.62
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −40.7 | −77.72 | 123.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −40.7 | −77.72 | 123.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −20.4 | −38.86 | 61.90 | – |
per 1 mol of | −20.4 | −38.86 | 61.90 | – |
per 1 mol of | −40.7 | −77.72 | 123.8 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li2CO3 (cr) | -1215.9[1] | -1132.06[1] | 90.37[1] | 99.12[1] |
| Li2CO3 (ai) | -1234.11[1] | -1114.6[1] | -29.7[1] | – |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiCl (cr) | -408.61[1] | -384.37[1] | 59.33[1] | 47.99[1] |
| LiCl (g) | -195.4[1] | -216.7[1] | 212.824[1] | 33.22[1] |
| LiCl (ai) | -445.64[1] | -424.58[1] | 69.9[1] | -67.8[1] |
| LiCl (cr) 1 hydrate | -712.58[1] | -631.80[1] | 102.84[1] | – |
| LiCl (cr) 2 hydrate | -1012.65[1] | – | – | – |
| LiCl (cr) 3 hydrate | -1311.3[1] | – | – | – |
| H2CO3 (ao) | -699.65[1] | -623.08[1] | 187.4[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -1215.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1132.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 90.37 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 99.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1234.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1114.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -29.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -408.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.33 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 47.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -195.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -216.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 212.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -445.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -424.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -67.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -712.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -631.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1012.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1311.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -699.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -623.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 187.4 J · K−1 · mol−1