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Chemical reactions
Li2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2LiNO3 + CO2↑ + H2O

Li₂CO₃ + 2HNO₃ → 2LiNO₃ + CO₂↑ + H₂O

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid: Li₂CO₃Lithium carbonate + 2HNO₃Nitric acid
⟶
2LiNO₃Lithium nitrate + CO₂↑Carbon dioxide + H₂OWater

The reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid yields lithium nitrate, carbon dioxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid with generating weak acidic oxide

Table of contents

Reaction data

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
Li₂CO₃	Lithium carbonate	1	Brønsted base	Salt of weak acid
HNO₃	Nitric acid	2	Brønsted acid	Strong acid

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
LiNO₃	Lithium nitrate	2	Conjugate base	Salt of strong acid
CO₂	Carbon dioxide	1	–	Acidic oxide
H₂O	Water	1	Conjugate acid	Water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid ◆ Δ_rG −100.2 kJ/mol K 3.58 × 10¹⁷ pK −17.55: Li₂CO₃Crystalline solid + 2HNO₃Liquid
⟶
2LiNO₃Crystalline solid + CO₂↑Gas + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−81.5	−100.2	62.1	–
per 1 mol of Lithium carbonate	−81.5	−100.2	62.1	–
per 1 mol of Nitric acid	−40.8	−50.10	31.1	–
per 1 mol of Lithium nitrate	−40.8	−50.10	31.1	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	−81.5	−100.2	62.1	–
per 1 mol of Water	−81.5	−100.2	62.1	–

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid ◆ Δ_rG −85.9 kJ/mol K 1.12 × 10¹⁵ pK −15.05: Li₂CO₃Crystalline solid + 2HNO₃Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiNO₃Ionized aqueous solution + CO₂↑Gas + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−20.4	−85.9	220.9	150.5
per 1 mol of Lithium carbonate	−20.4	−85.9	220.9	150.5
per 1 mol of Nitric acid	−10.2	−43.0	110.5	75.25
per 1 mol of Lithium nitrate	−10.2	−43.0	110.5	75.25
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	−20.4	−85.9	220.9	150.5
per 1 mol of Water	−20.4	−85.9	220.9	150.5

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid ◆ Δ_rG −77.5 kJ/mol K 3.78 × 10¹³ pK −13.58: Li₂CO₃Crystalline solid + 2HNO₃Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiNO₃Ionized aqueous solution + CO₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−40.7	−77.5	124.7	–
per 1 mol of Lithium carbonate	−40.7	−77.5	124.7	–
per 1 mol of Nitric acid	−20.4	−38.8	62.35	–
per 1 mol of Lithium nitrate	−20.4	−38.8	62.35	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	−40.7	−77.5	124.7	–
per 1 mol of Water	−40.7	−77.5	124.7	–

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid ◆ Δ_rG −90.1 kJ/mol K 6.09 × 10¹⁵ pK −15.78: Li₂CO₃Crystalline solid + 2HNO₃Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiNO₃Un-ionized aqueous solution + CO₂↑Gas + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−90.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium carbonate	–	−90.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Nitric acid	–	−45.0	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium nitrate	–	−45.0	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	–	−90.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−90.1	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of lithium carbonate and nitric acid ◆ Δ_rG −81.7 kJ/mol K 2.06 × 10¹⁴ pK −14.31: Li₂CO₃Crystalline solid + 2HNO₃Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiNO₃Un-ionized aqueous solution + CO₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−81.7	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium carbonate	–	−81.7	–	–
per 1 mol of Nitric acid	–	−40.9	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium nitrate	–	−40.9	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	–	−81.7	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−81.7	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
Li₂CO₃ (cr)	-1215.9^[1]	-1132.06^[1]	90.37^[1]	99.12^[1]
Li₂CO₃ (ai)	-1234.11^[1]	-1114.6^[1]	-29.7^[1]	–
HNO₃ (l)	-174.10^[1]	-80.71^[1]	155.60^[1]	109.87^[1]
HNO₃ (g)	-135.06^[1]	-74.72^[1]	266.38^[1]	53.35^[1]
HNO₃ (ai)	-207.36^[1]	-111.25^[1]	146.4^[1]	-86.6^[1]
HNO₃ (l) 1 hydrate	-473.46^[1]	-328.77^[1]	216.90^[1]	182.46^[1]
HNO₃ (l) 3 hydrate	-1056.04^[1]	-811.09^[1]	346.98^[1]	325.14^[1]

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
LiNO₃ (cr)	-483.13^[1]	-381.1^[1]	90.0^[1]	–
LiNO₃ (ai)	-485.85^[1]	-404.5^[1]	160.2^[1]	-18.0^[1]
LiNO₃ (ao)	–	-406.6^[1]	–	–
LiNO₃ (cr) 3 hydrate	-1374.4^[1]	-1103.5^[1]	223.4^[1]	–
CO₂ (g)	-393.509^[1]	-394.359^[1]	213.74^[1]	37.11^[1]
CO₂ (ao)	-413.80^[1]	-385.98^[1]	117.6^[1]	–
H₂O (cr)	–	–	–	–
H₂O (l)	-285.830^[1]	-237.129^[1]	69.91^[1]	75.291^[1]
H₂O (g)	-241.818^[1]	-228.572^[1]	188.825^[1]	33.577^[1]

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	−100.2 kJ/mol
K	3.58 × 10¹⁷
pK	−17.55

Δ_rG	−85.9 kJ/mol
K	1.12 × 10¹⁵
pK	−15.05

Δ_rG	−77.5 kJ/mol
K	3.78 × 10¹³
pK	−13.58

Δ_rG	−90.1 kJ/mol
K	6.09 × 10¹⁵
pK	−15.78

Li2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2LiNO3 + CO2↑ + H2O

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom