NiCl2 + Rb2S 💧→ NiS↓ + 2RbCl
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The reaction of nickel(II) chloride and rubidium sulfide yields nickel(II) sulfide and rubidium chloride. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of nickel(II) chloride and rubidium sulfide
General equation
- Precipitation reaction
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis acid + Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis base💧⟶ Insoluble in water/Very slightly soluble in water/Slightly soluble in waterLewis conjugate + Product(Non-redox product)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of nickel(II) chloride and rubidium sulfide
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiCl2 | Nickel(II) chloride | 1 | Lewis acid | Very soluble in water |
| Rb2S | Rubidium sulfide | 1 | Lewis base | Very soluble in water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiS | Nickel(II) sulfide | 1 | Lewis conjugate | Insoluble in water |
| RbCl | Rubidium chloride | 2 | Non-redox product | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of nickel(II) chloride and rubidium sulfide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −286.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −286.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −286.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −286.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −143.3 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of nickel(II) chloride and rubidium sulfide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −282.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −282.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −282.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −282.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −141.1 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution
- Reaction of nickel(II) chloride and rubidium sulfide◆
ΔrG −120.0 kJ/mol K 1.05 × 1021 pK −21.02
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −60.9 | −120.0 | 195.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −60.9 | −120.0 | 195.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −60.9 | −120.0 | 195.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −60.9 | −120.0 | 195.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −30.4 | −60.00 | 97.85 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiCl2 (cr) | -305.332[1] | -259.032[1] | 97.65[1] | 71.67[1] |
| NiCl2 (ai) | -388.3[1] | -307.9[1] | -15.1[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -922.2[1] | -760.1[1] | 176[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1516.7[1] | -1234.9[1] | 243[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2103.17[1] | -1713.19[1] | 344.3[1] | – |
| Rb2S (cr) | -360.7[1] | – | – | – |
| Rb2S (ai) | -469.4[1] | -482.0[1] | 228.4[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiS (cr) | -82.0[1] | -79.5[1] | 52.97[1] | 47.11[1] |
| NiS (cr) precipitated | -77.4[1] | – | – | – |
| RbCl (cr) | -435.35[1] | -407.80[1] | 95.90[1] | 52.38[1] |
| RbCl (g) | -228.9[1] | -247.3[1] | 249.56[1] | 36.82[1] |
| RbCl (ai) | -418.32[1] | -415.20[1] | 177.99[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -305.332 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -259.032 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 97.65 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -388.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -307.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -15.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -922.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -760.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 176. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1516.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1234.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 243. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2103.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1713.19 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 344.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -360.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -469.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -482.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 228.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -82.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 52.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 47.11 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -435.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -407.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 95.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -228.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -247.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.56 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.82 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -418.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -415.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 177.99 J · K−1 · mol−1