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Chemical reactions
NiSO4 + 2NH4HCO3 💧→ NiCO3↓ + (NH4)2SO4 + H2CO3

NiSO₄ + 2NH₄HCO₃ 💧→ NiCO₃↓ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + H₂CO₃

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate: NiSO₄Nickel(II) sulfate + 2NH₄HCO₃Ammonium hydrogencarbonate
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NiCO₃↓Nickel(II) carbonate + (NH₄)₂SO₄Ammonium sulfate + H₂CO₃Carbonic acid

The reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate yields nickel(II) carbonate, ammonium sulfate, and carbonic acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Precipitation reaction

Table of contents

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate: NiSO₄Nickel(II) sulfate + 2NH₄HCO₃Ammonium hydrogencarbonate
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NiCO₃↓Nickel(II) carbonate + (NH₄)₂SO₄Ammonium sulfate + H₂CO₃Carbonic acid

General equation

Precipitation reaction: Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis acid + Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis base
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Insoluble in water/Very slightly soluble in water/Slightly soluble in waterLewis conjugate + Product(Non-redox product)

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
NiSO₄	Nickel(II) sulfate	1	Lewis acid	Very soluble in water
NH₄HCO₃	Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	2	Lewis base	Soluble in water

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
NiCO₃	Nickel(II) carbonate	1	Lewis conjugate	Insoluble in water
(NH₄)₂SO₄	Ammonium sulfate	1	Non-redox product	–
H₂CO₃	Carbonic acid	1	Non-redox product	–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate ◆ Δ_rG −16.3 kJ/mol K 7.17 × 10² pK −2.86: NiSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 2NH₄HCO₃Ionized aqueous solution
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NiCO₃↓Crystalline solid + (NH₄)₂SO₄Ionized aqueous solution + H₂CO₃Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−16.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) sulfate	–	−16.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	–	−8.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) carbonate	–	−16.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium sulfate	–	−16.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonic acid	–	−16.3	–	–

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate: NiSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + 2NH₄HCO₃Aqueous solution
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NiCO₃↓Crystalline solid + (NH₄)₂SO₄Ionized aqueous solution + H₂CO₃Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) sulfate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) carbonate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium sulfate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonic acid	–	–	–	–

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate ◆ Δ_rG −3.3 kJ/mol K 3.79 × 10⁰ pK −0.58: NiSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH₄HCO₃Ionized aqueous solution
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NiCO₃↓Crystalline solid + (NH₄)₂SO₄Ionized aqueous solution + H₂CO₃Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−3.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) sulfate	–	−3.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	–	−1.6	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) carbonate	–	−3.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium sulfate	–	−3.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonic acid	–	−3.3	–	–

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of nickel(II) sulfate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate: NiSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH₄HCO₃Aqueous solution
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NiCO₃↓Crystalline solid + (NH₄)₂SO₄Ionized aqueous solution + H₂CO₃Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) sulfate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium hydrogencarbonate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Nickel(II) carbonate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Ammonium sulfate	–	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbonic acid	–	–	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
NiSO₄ (cr)	-872.91^[1]	-759.7^[1]	92^[1]	138^[1]
NiSO₄ (ai)	-963.2^[1]	-790.3^[1]	-108.8^[1]	–
NiSO₄ (ao)	-949.3^[1]	-803.3^[1]	-18.0^[1]	–
NiSO₄ (cr) 4 hydrate	-2104.1^[1]	–	–	–
NiSO₄ (cr) 6 hydrate α, tetragonal, green	-2682.82^[1]	-2224.61^[1]	334.47^[1]	327.86^[1]
NiSO₄ (cr) 6 hydrate β, monoclinic, blue	-2672.3^[1]	–	–	–
NiSO₄ (cr) 7 hydrate	-2976.33^[1]	-2461.83^[1]	378.94^[1]	364.59^[1]
NH₄HCO₃ (cr)	-849.4^[1]	-665.9^[1]	120.9^[1]	–
NH₄HCO₃ (ai)	-824.50^[1]	-666.07^[1]	204.6^[1]	–
NH₄HCO₃ (aq)	-821.7^[1]	–	–	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (aq):Aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
NiCO₃ (cr)	–	-612.5^[1]	–	–
(NH₄)₂SO₄ (cr)	-1180.85^[1]	-901.67^[1]	220.1^[1]	187.49^[1]
(NH₄)₂SO₄ (ai)	-1174.28^[1]	-903.14^[1]	246.9^[1]	-133.1^[1]
H₂CO₃ (ao)	-699.65^[1]	-623.08^[1]	187.4^[1]	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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