NaCN + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCN
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The reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid yields sodium hydrogensulfate and hydrogen cyanide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid
General equation
- Salt of weak acidBrønsted base + Strong acidBrønsted acid ⟶ Salt of strong acidConjugate base + Weak acidConjugate acid
- Salt of volatile acidBrønsted base + Nonvolatile acidBrønsted acid ⟶ Salt of non volatile acidConjugate base + Volatile acidConjugate acid
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCN | Sodium cyanide | 1 | Brønsted base | Salt of weak acid Salt of volatile acid |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid | 1 | Brønsted acid | Strong acid Nonvolatile acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaHSO4 | Sodium hydrogensulfate | 1 | Conjugate base | Salt of strong acid Salt of non volatile acid |
| HCN | Hydrogen cyanide | 1 | Conjugate acid | Weak acid Volatile acid |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG −101.4 kJ/mol K 5.81 × 1017 pK −17.76
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −115.2 | −101.4 | −46.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −115.2 | −101.4 | −46.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −115.2 | −101.4 | −46.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −115.2 | −101.4 | −46.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −115.2 | −101.4 | −46.7 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −111.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.9 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG −64.1 kJ/mol K 1.70 × 1011 pK −11.23
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −21.6 | −64.1 | 142.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −21.6 | −64.1 | 142.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −21.6 | −64.1 | 142.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −21.6 | −64.1 | 142.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −21.6 | −64.1 | 142.3 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of sodium cyanide and sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG −11.4 kJ/mol K 9.94 × 101 pK −2.00
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 21.9 | −11.4 | 111.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 21.9 | −11.4 | 111.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 21.9 | −11.4 | 111.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 21.9 | −11.4 | 111.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 21.9 | −11.4 | 111.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCN (cr) cubic | -87.49[1] | -76.43[1] | 115.60[1] | 70.37[1] |
| NaCN (cr) orthorhombic | -90.75[1] | – | – | – |
| NaCN (g) | 109[1] | 79.94[1] | 249.43[1] | 51.17[1] |
| NaCN (ai) | -89.5[1] | -89.5[1] | 153.1[1] | – |
| NaCN (cr) 1/2 hydrate | -235.77[1] | – | – | – |
| NaCN (cr) 2 hydrate | -679.77[1] | – | – | – |
| H2SO4 (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2SO4 (l) | -813.989[1] | -690.003[1] | 156.904[1] | 138.91[1] |
| H2SO4 (ai) | -909.27[1] | -744.53[1] | 20.1[1] | -293[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 1 hydrate | -1127.621[1] | -950.383[1] | 211.54[1] | 214.85[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -1427.100[1] | -1199.650[1] | 276.40[1] | 260.83[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 3 hydrate | -1720.402[1] | -1443.980[1] | 345.39[1] | 318.95[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 4 hydrate | -2011.199[1] | -1685.863[1] | 414.59[1] | 382.21[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 6.5 hydrate | -2733.256[1] | -2285.734[1] | 587.89[1] | 570.28[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaHSO4 (cr) | -1125.5[1] | -992.8[1] | 113.0[1] | – |
| NaHSO4 (ai) | -1127.46[1] | -1017.80[1] | 190.8[1] | -38[1] |
| NaHSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1421.7[1] | -1231.6[1] | 155[1] | – |
| HCN (l) | 108.87[1] | 124.97[1] | 112.84[1] | 70.63[1] |
| HCN (g) | 135.1[1] | 124.7[1] | 201.78[1] | 35.86[1] |
| HCN (ai) | 150.6[1] | 172.4[1] | 94.1[1] | – |
| HCN (ao) | 107.1[1] | 119.7[1] | 124.7[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -87.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -76.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 70.37 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -90.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 109. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 79.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.43 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.17 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -89.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -89.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 153.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -235.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -679.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -813.989 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -690.003 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 156.904 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -909.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -744.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 20.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -293. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1127.621 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -950.383 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 211.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 214.85 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1427.100 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1199.650 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 276.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 260.83 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1720.402 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1443.980 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 345.39 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 318.95 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2011.199 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1685.863 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 414.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 382.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2733.256 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2285.734 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 587.89 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 570.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1125.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -992.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 113.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1127.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1017.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -38. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1421.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1231.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 108.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 124.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 112.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 70.63 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 135.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 124.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 201.78 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 150.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 172.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 107.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 119.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 124.7 J · K−1 · mol−1