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Chemical reactions
ZnCO3 + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + CO2 + H2O

ZnCO₃ + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride: ZnCO₃Zinc carbonate + 2HClHydrogen chloride
⟶
ZnCl₂Zinc chloride + CO₂Carbon dioxide + H₂OWater

The reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride yields zinc chloride, carbon dioxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid with generating weak acidic oxide

Table of contents

Reaction data

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
ZnCO₃	Zinc carbonate	1	Brønsted base	Salt of weak acid
HCl	Hydrogen chloride	2	Brønsted acid	Strong acid

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
ZnCl₂	Zinc chloride	1	Conjugate base	Salt of strong acid
CO₂	Carbon dioxide	1	–	Acidic oxide
H₂O	Water	1	Conjugate acid	Water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride ◆ Δ_rG −78.77 kJ/mol K 6.31 × 10¹³ pK −13.80: ZnCO₃Crystalline solid + 2HClGas
⟶
ZnCl₂Crystalline solid + CO₂Gas + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−97.00	−78.77	−61.1	45.79
per 1 mol of Zinc carbonate	−97.00	−78.77	−61.1	45.79
per 1 mol of Hydrogen chloride	−48.50	−39.38	−30.6	22.89
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	−97.00	−78.77	−61.1	45.79
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	−97.00	−78.77	−61.1	45.79
per 1 mol of Water	−97.00	−78.77	−61.1	45.79

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride ◆ Δ_rG −47.01 kJ/mol K 1.72 × 10⁸ pK −8.24: ZnCO₃Crystalline solid + 2HClIonized aqueous solution
⟶
ZnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + CO₂Gas + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−20.43	−47.01	89.1	79
per 1 mol of Zinc carbonate	−20.43	−47.01	89.1	79
per 1 mol of Hydrogen chloride	−10.21	−23.50	44.5	40
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	−20.43	−47.01	89.1	79
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	−20.43	−47.01	89.1	79
per 1 mol of Water	−20.43	−47.01	89.1	79

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride ◆ Δ_rG −38.63 kJ/mol K 5.86 × 10⁶ pK −6.77: ZnCO₃Crystalline solid + 2HClIonized aqueous solution
⟶
ZnCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + CO₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−40.72	−38.63	−7.1	–
per 1 mol of Zinc carbonate	−40.72	−38.63	−7.1	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen chloride	−20.36	−19.32	−3.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	−40.72	−38.63	−7.1	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	−40.72	−38.63	−7.1	–
per 1 mol of Water	−40.72	−38.63	−7.1	–

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride ◆ Δ_rG −41.2 kJ/mol K 1.65 × 10⁷ pK −7.22: ZnCO₃Crystalline solid + 2HClIonized aqueous solution
⟶
ZnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + CO₂Gas + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−41.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc carbonate	–	−41.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen chloride	–	−20.6	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−41.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	–	−41.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−41.2	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of zinc carbonate and hydrogen chloride ◆ Δ_rG −32.8 kJ/mol K 5.58 × 10⁵ pK −5.75: ZnCO₃Crystalline solid + 2HClIonized aqueous solution
⟶
ZnCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + CO₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + H₂OLiquid

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc carbonate	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen chloride	–	−16.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc chloride	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Carbon dioxide	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Water	–	−32.8	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
ZnCO₃ (cr)	-812.78^[1]	-731.52^[1]	82.4^[1]	79.71^[1]
ZnCO₃ (cr) 1 hydrate	–	-970.6^[1]	–	–
HCl (g)	-92.307^[1]	-95.299^[1]	186.908^[1]	29.12^[1]
HCl (ai)	-167.159^[1]	-131.228^[1]	56.5^[1]	-136.4^[1]

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
ZnCl₂ (cr)	-415.05^[1]	-369.398^[1]	111.46^[1]	71.34^[1]
ZnCl₂ (g)	-266.1^[1]	–	–	–
ZnCl₂ (ai)	-488.19^[1]	-409.50^[1]	0.8^[1]	-226^[1]
ZnCl₂ (ao)	–	-403.7^[1]	–	–
CO₂ (g)	-393.509^[1]	-394.359^[1]	213.74^[1]	37.11^[1]
CO₂ (ao)	-413.80^[1]	-385.98^[1]	117.6^[1]	–
H₂O (cr)	–	–	–	–
H₂O (l)	-285.830^[1]	-237.129^[1]	69.91^[1]	75.291^[1]
H₂O (g)	-241.818^[1]	-228.572^[1]	188.825^[1]	33.577^[1]

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	−78.77 kJ/mol
K	6.31 × 10¹³
pK	−13.80

Δ_rG	−47.01 kJ/mol
K	1.72 × 10⁸
pK	−8.24

Δ_rG	−38.63 kJ/mol
K	5.86 × 10⁶
pK	−6.77

Δ_rG	−41.2 kJ/mol
K	1.65 × 10⁷
pK	−7.22

ZnCO3 + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom