21NaCl + 19RbClO4 + 24H+ 🔥→ 16NaClO4 + 5Na+ + 12Cl2↑ + 19Rb+ + 12H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 21NaClSodium chloride + 19RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 24H+Hydrogen ion16NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 5Na+Sodium ion + 12↑ + 19Rb+Rubidium ion + 12H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, rubidium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium perchlorate, sodium ion, , rubidium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 21NaClSodium chloride + 19RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 24H+Hydrogen ion16NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 5Na+Sodium ion + 12↑ + 19Rb+Rubidium ion + 12H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 21 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| RbClO4 | Rubidium perchlorate | 19 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 24 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 16 | – | – |
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 5 | – | – |
| 12 | Redoxed product | – | ||
| Rb+ | Rubidium ion | 19 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 12 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −63.77 kJ/mol K 1.49 × 1011 pK −11.17
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 467.99 | −63.77 | 1787.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 22.285 | −3.037 | 85.095 | – |
per 1 mol of | 24.631 | −3.356 | 94.053 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 19.500 | −2.657 | 74.458 | – |
per 1 mol of | 29.249 | −3.986 | 111.69 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 93.598 | −12.75 | 357.40 | – |
| 38.999 | −5.314 | 148.92 | – | |
per 1 mol of Rubidium ion | 24.631 | −3.356 | 94.053 | – |
per 1 mol of | 38.999 | −5.314 | 148.92 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 19.51 kJ/mol K 0.38 × 10−3 pK 3.42
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 187.2 | 19.51 | 562 | – |
per 1 mol of | 8.914 | 0.9290 | 26.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 9.853 | 1.027 | 29.6 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 7.800 | 0.8129 | 23.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 11.70 | 1.219 | 35.1 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 37.44 | 3.902 | 112 | – |
| 15.60 | 1.626 | 46.8 | – | |
per 1 mol of Rubidium ion | 9.853 | 1.027 | 29.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 15.60 | 1.626 | 46.8 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| RbClO4 (cr) | -437.23[1] | -306.90[1] | 161.1[1] | – |
| RbClO4 (ai) | -380.49[1] | -292.51[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | – |
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| Rb+ (g) | 490.101[1] | – | – | – |
| Rb+ (ao) | -251.17[1] | -283.98[1] | 121.50[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -437.23 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -306.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -380.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -383.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -254.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -270.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 241.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -494.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 490.101 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -251.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1