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2Al + 3NaOH → Al2O3 + 3NaH

The reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide yields aluminium oxide and sodium hydride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
AlAluminium2
Reducing
Reducing
NaOHSodium hydroxide3
Oxidizing
Reducible

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
Al2O3Aluminium oxide1
Oxidized
NaHSodium hydride3
Reduced

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
ΔrG−544.2 kJ/mol
K2.19 × 1095
pK−95.34
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHCrystalline solid
Al2O3Crystalline solidα, corundum + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−567.7−544.2−79.06−39.08
per 1 mol of
−283.9−272.1−39.53−19.54
per 1 mol of
−189.2−181.4−26.35−13.03
per 1 mol of
−567.7−544.2−79.06−39.08
per 1 mol of
−189.2−181.4−26.35−13.03

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHCrystalline solid
Al2O3Crystalline solidδ + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−558.5
per 1 mol of
−279.3
per 1 mol of
−186.2
per 1 mol of
−558.5
per 1 mol of
−186.2

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHCrystalline solid
Al2O3Crystalline solidρ + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−549
per 1 mol of
−275
per 1 mol of
−183
per 1 mol of
−549
per 1 mol of
−183

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHCrystalline solid
Al2O3Crystalline solidκ + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−554.3
per 1 mol of
−277.1
per 1 mol of
−184.8
per 1 mol of
−554.3
per 1 mol of
−184.8

Changes in standard condition (5)

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHCrystalline solid
Al2O3Crystalline solidγ + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−548.9
per 1 mol of
−274.4
per 1 mol of
−183.0
per 1 mol of
−548.9
per 1 mol of
−183.0

Changes in standard condition (6)

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHCrystalline solid
Al2O3Amorphous solid + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−524
per 1 mol of
−262
per 1 mol of
−175
per 1 mol of
−524
per 1 mol of
−175

Changes in aqueous solution

Reaction of aluminium and sodium hydroxide
ΔrG−425.2 kJ/mol
K3.10 × 1074
pK−74.49
2AlCrystalline solid + 3NaOHIonized aqueous solution
Al2O3Crystalline solidα, corundum + 3NaHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−434.2−425.2−30.0445.8
per 1 mol of
−217.1−212.6−15.0222.9
per 1 mol of
−144.7−141.7−10.0148.6
per 1 mol of
−434.2−425.2−30.0445.8
per 1 mol of
−144.7−141.7−10.0148.6

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Al (cr)0[1]0[1]28.33[1]24.35[1]
Al (g)326.4[1]285.7[1]164.54[1]21.38[1]
NaOH (cr)-425.609[1]-379.494[1]64.455[1]59.54[1]
NaOH (g)-207.1[1]-210.0[1]228.43[1]48.37[1]
NaOH (ai)-470.114[1]-419.150[1]48.1[1]-102.1[1]
NaOH (cr)
1 hydrate
-734.543[1]-629.338[1]99.50[1]90.17[1]
NaOH (l)
2 hydrate
-1019.076[1]-873.091[1]195.979[1]239.41[1]
NaOH (l)
3.5 hydrate
-1459.798[1]-1236.356[1]286.089[1]354.43[1]
NaOH (l)
4 hydrate
-1605.15[1]-1356.64[1]318.70[1]
NaOH (l)
5 hydrate
-1894.31[1]-1596.34[1]386.06[1]
NaOH (l)
7 hydrate
-2469.02[1]-2073.80[1]526.31[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Al2O3 (cr)
α, corundum
-1675.7[1]-1582.3[1]50.92[1]79.04[1]
Al2O3 (cr)
δ
-1666.5[1]
Al2O3 (cr)
ρ
-1657[1]
Al2O3 (cr)
κ
-1662.3[1]
Al2O3 (cr)
γ
-1656.9[1]
Al2O3 (am)-1632[1]
Al2O3 (cr)
1 hydrate
-1998.91[1]-1841.78[1]70.67[1]106.19[1]
Al2O3 (cr)
3 hydrate
-2576.5[1]
NaH (cr)-56.275[1]-33.46[1]40.016[1]36.401[1]
NaH (g)130.25[1]108.85[1]188.377[1]30.29[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)