2NH4F + Be(OH)2 🔥→ BeF2 + 2NH3↑ + 2H2O
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- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
The reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide yields beryllium fluoride, ammonia, and water. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
General equation
- Reaction of volatile acid and non volatile base
- Salt of volatile baseBrønsted acid + Nonvolatile baseBrønsted base ⟶ Salt of non volatile baseConjugate acid + Volatile baseConjugate base + (H2O)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4F | Ammonium fluoride | 2 | Brønsted acid | Salt of volatile base |
| Be(OH)2 | Beryllium hydroxide | 1 | Brønsted base | Nonvolatile base |
Products
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide◆
ΔrG 25.8 kJ/mol K 0.30 × 10−4 pK 4.52
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 139.7 | 25.8 | 382.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.85 | 12.9 | 191.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 139.7 | 25.8 | 382.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 139.7 | 25.8 | 382.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.85 | 12.9 | 191.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.85 | 12.9 | 191.2 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 142.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 71.35 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 142.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 142.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 71.35 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 71.35 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide◆
ΔrG 28.3 kJ/mol K 0.11 × 10−4 pK 4.96
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 143.0 | 28.3 | 384 | – |
per 1 mol of | 71.50 | 14.2 | 192 | – |
per 1 mol of | 143.0 | 28.3 | 384 | – |
per 1 mol of | 143.0 | 28.3 | 384 | – |
per 1 mol of | 71.50 | 14.2 | 192 | – |
per 1 mol of | 71.50 | 14.2 | 192 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 146.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.00 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 146.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 146.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.00 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.00 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (5)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 135.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 67.55 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 135.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 135.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 67.55 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 67.55 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (6)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 138.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.05 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 138.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 138.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.05 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 69.05 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 122.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 61.45 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 122.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 122.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 61.45 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 61.45 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium fluoride and beryllium hydroxide
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 54.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 27.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 54.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 54.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 27.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 27.3 | – | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4F (cr) | -463.96[1] | -348.68[1] | 71.96[1] | 65.27[1] |
| NH4F (ai) | -465.14[1] | -358.09[1] | 99.6[1] | -26.8[1] |
| Be(OH)2 (cr) α | -902.5[1] | -815.0[1] | 51.9[1] | – |
| Be(OH)2 (cr) β | -905.8[1] | -817.5[1] | 50[1] | – |
| Be(OH)2 (am) freshly precipitated | -897.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Be(OH)2 (g) | -661[1] | – | – | – |
| Be(OH)2 (am) 0.75 hydrate | -1116.7[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BeF2 (cr) α, quartz | -1026.8[1] | -979.4[1] | 53.35[1] | 51.84[1] |
| BeF2 (cr) β, cristobalite | -1023.8[1] | – | – | – |
| BeF2 (vit) | -1022.2[1] | – | – | – |
| BeF2 (g) | -793.7[1] | – | – | – |
| BeF2 (aq) | -1046.0[1] | – | – | – |
| NH3 (g) | -46.11[1] | -16.45[1] | 192.45[1] | 35.06[1] |
| NH3 (ao) | -80.29[1] | -26.50[1] | 111.3[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (vit):Vitreous liquid, (g):Gas, (aq):Aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -463.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -348.68 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 71.96 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 65.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -358.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 99.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -26.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -902.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -815.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 51.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -905.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -817.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 50. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -897.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -661. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1116.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1026.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -979.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1023.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1022.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1046.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -46.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -16.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.45 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -26.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1