2NH4ClO4 ๐ฅโ HNO2 + 2ClO2โ + 2H2O + NH3โ
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- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
- 2NH4ClO4Ammonium perchlorateHNO2Nitrous acid + 2ClO2โChlorine dioxide + 2H2OWater + NH3โAmmonia๐ฅโถ
Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate yields nitrous acid, chlorine dioxide, water, and ammonia (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
- 2NH4ClO4Ammonium perchlorateHNO2Nitrous acid + 2ClO2โChlorine dioxide + 2H2OWater + NH3โAmmonia๐ฅโถ
General equation
- Thermal decomposition with redox
- Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent๐ฅโถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
- Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent๐ฅโถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4ClO4 | Ammonium perchlorate | 2 | Self redox agent | Thermally decomposable Oxoacid salt |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 1 | Oxidized | โ |
ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 2 | Reduced | โ |
H2O | Water | 2 | โ | โ |
NH3 | Ammonia | 1 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorateโ
ฮrG โ124.6 kJ/mol K 6.74 ร 1021 pK โ21.83
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ8.3 | โ124.6 | 390.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ4.2 | โ62.30 | 195.4 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ8.3 | โ124.6 | 390.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ4.2 | โ62.30 | 195.4 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ4.2 | โ62.30 | 195.4 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ8.3 | โ124.6 | 390.8 | โ |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorateโ
ฮrG โ134.7 kJ/mol K 3.97 ร 1023 pK โ23.60
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ42.5 | โ134.7 | 309.6 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ21.3 | โ67.35 | 154.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ42.5 | โ134.7 | 309.6 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ21.3 | โ67.35 | 154.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ21.3 | โ67.35 | 154.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ42.5 | โ134.7 | 309.6 | โ |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorateโ
ฮrG โ125.4 kJ/mol K 9.31 ร 1021 pK โ21.97
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ63.5 | โ125.4 | 206.7 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ31.8 | โ62.70 | 103.3 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ63.5 | โ125.4 | 206.7 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ31.8 | โ62.70 | 103.3 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ31.8 | โ62.70 | 103.3 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ63.5 | โ125.4 | 206.7 | โ |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorateโ
ฮrG โ135.5 kJ/mol K 5.48 ร 1023 pK โ23.74
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ97.7 | โ135.5 | 125.5 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ48.9 | โ67.75 | 62.75 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ97.7 | โ135.5 | 125.5 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ48.9 | โ67.75 | 62.75 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ48.9 | โ67.75 | 62.75 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ97.7 | โ135.5 | 125.5 | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4ClO4 (cr) | -295.31[1] | -88.75[1] | 186.2[1] | โ |
NH4ClO4 (ai) | -261.83[1] | -87.83[1] | 295.4[1] | โ |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | โ |
ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | โ |
H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
NH3 (g) | -46.11[1] | -16.45[1] | 192.45[1] | 35.06[1] |
NH3 (ao) | -80.29[1] | -26.50[1] | 111.3[1] | โ |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -295.31 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -88.75 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 186.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -261.83 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -87.83 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 295.4 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -77.99 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -42.94 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 248.76 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 44.77 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -80.12 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -45.24 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 249.22 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 46.07 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -79.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -46.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 254.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 45.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -119.2 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -50.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 135.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 102.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 120.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 256.84 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 41.97 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 74.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 120.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 164.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -46.11 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -16.45 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 192.45 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 35.06 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -80.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -26.50 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 111.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1