2LiNO3 + H2SO4 → Li2SO4 + 2HNO3
Last updated:
- Reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid
The reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid yields lithium sulfate and nitric acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid
General equation
- Salt of volatile acidBrønsted base + Nonvolatile acidBrønsted acid ⟶ Salt of non volatile acidConjugate base + Volatile acidConjugate acid
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiNO3 | Lithium nitrate | 2 | Brønsted base | Salt of volatile acid |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid | 1 | Brønsted acid | Nonvolatile acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li2SO4 | Lithium sulfate | 1 | Conjugate base | Salt of non volatile acid |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 2 | Conjugate acid | Volatile acid |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG −30.9 kJ/mol K 2.59 × 105 pK −5.41
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4.44 | −30.9 | 89.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −2.22 | −15.4 | 44.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −4.44 | −30.9 | 89.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −4.44 | −30.9 | 89.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −2.22 | −15.4 | 44.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG −0.2 kJ/mol K 1.08 × 100 pK −0.04
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 0.01 | −0.2 | −0.4 | 0 |
per 1 mol of | 0.00500 | −0.10 | −0.20 | 0 |
per 1 mol of | 0.0100 | −0.20 | −0.40 | 0 |
per 1 mol of | 0.0100 | −0.20 | −0.40 | 0 |
per 1 mol of | 0.00500 | −0.10 | −0.20 | 0 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lithium nitrate and sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG 4.0 kJ/mol K 0.20 × 100 pK 0.70
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 4.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 2.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 4.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 4.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 2.0 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiNO3 (cr) | -483.13[1] | -381.1[1] | 90.0[1] | – |
| LiNO3 (ai) | -485.85[1] | -404.5[1] | 160.2[1] | -18.0[1] |
| LiNO3 (ao) | – | -406.6[1] | – | – |
| LiNO3 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1374.4[1] | -1103.5[1] | 223.4[1] | – |
| H2SO4 (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2SO4 (l) | -813.989[1] | -690.003[1] | 156.904[1] | 138.91[1] |
| H2SO4 (ai) | -909.27[1] | -744.53[1] | 20.1[1] | -293[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 1 hydrate | -1127.621[1] | -950.383[1] | 211.54[1] | 214.85[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -1427.100[1] | -1199.650[1] | 276.40[1] | 260.83[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 3 hydrate | -1720.402[1] | -1443.980[1] | 345.39[1] | 318.95[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 4 hydrate | -2011.199[1] | -1685.863[1] | 414.59[1] | 382.21[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 6.5 hydrate | -2733.256[1] | -2285.734[1] | 587.89[1] | 570.28[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li2SO4 (cr) | -1436.49[1] | -1321.70[1] | 115.1[1] | 117.57[1] |
| Li2SO4 (ai) | -1466.24[1] | -1331.20[1] | 47.3[1] | -155.6[1] |
| Li2SO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1735.5[1] | -1565.5[1] | 163.6[1] | 151.08[1] |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -483.13 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -381.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -485.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -404.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 160.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -18.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -406.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1374.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1103.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -813.989 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -690.003 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 156.904 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -909.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -744.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 20.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -293. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1127.621 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -950.383 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 211.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 214.85 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1427.100 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1199.650 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 276.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 260.83 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1720.402 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1443.980 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 345.39 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 318.95 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2011.199 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1685.863 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 414.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 382.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2733.256 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2285.734 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 587.89 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 570.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1436.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1321.70 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1466.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1331.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 47.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -155.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1735.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1565.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 163.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 151.08 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1