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2Li + H2CO3 → Li2CO3 + H2↑

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Reaction of lithium and carbonic acid
2LiLithium + H2CO3Carbonic acid
⟶
Li2CO3Lithium carbonate + H2↑Hydrogen

The reaction of lithium and carbonic acid yields lithium carbonate and hydrogen (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of lithium and carbonic acid
2LiLithium + H2CO3Carbonic acid
⟶
Li2CO3Lithium carbonate + H2↑Hydrogen

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Reaction of active metal and acid
Active metalReducing agent + AcidOxidizing agent
⟶
SaltOxidation product + H2Reduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of lithium and carbonic acid

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
LiLithium2
Reducing
Reducing
Active metal
H2CO3Carbonic acid1
Oxidizing
Reducible
Acid

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
Li2CO3Lithium carbonate1
Oxidized
–
Salt
H2Hydrogen1
Reduced
–
Hydrogen

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of lithium and carbonic acid
◆
ΔrG−508.98 kJ/mol
K1.48 × 1089
pK−89.17
2LiCrystalline solid + H2CO3Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
Li2CO3Crystalline solid + H2↑Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−516.3−508.98−24.6–
per 1 mol of
−258.1−254.49−12.3–
per 1 mol of
−516.3−508.98−24.6–
per 1 mol of
−516.3−508.98−24.6–
per 1 mol of
−516.3−508.98−24.6–

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of lithium and carbonic acid
◆
ΔrG−491.4 kJ/mol
K1.23 × 1086
pK−86.09
2LiCrystalline solid + H2CO3Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
Li2CO3Crystalline solid + H2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−520.5−491.4422–
per 1 mol of
−260.3−245.7211–
per 1 mol of
−520.5−491.4422–
per 1 mol of
−520.5−491.4422–
per 1 mol of
−520.5−491.4422–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Li (cr)0[1]0[1]29.12[1]24.77[1]
Li (g)159.37[1]126.66[1]138.77[1]20.786[1]
H2CO3 (ao)-699.65[1]-623.08[1]187.4[1]–
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Li2CO3 (cr)-1215.9[1]-1132.06[1]90.37[1]99.12[1]
Li2CO3 (ai)-1234.11[1]-1114.6[1]-29.7[1]–
H2 (g)0[1]0[1]130.684[1]28.824[1]
H2 (ao)-4.2[1]17.6[1]577[1]–
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)