2Li + 2HCl → 2LiCl + H2
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- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride
The reaction of and hydrogen chloride yields lithium chloride and . This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Reducing | Reducing Active metal | ||
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 2 | Oxidizing | Reducible Acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiCl | Lithium chloride | 2 | Oxidized | – Salt |
| 1 | Reduced | – Hydrogen |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −578.14 kJ/mol K 1.93 × 10101 pK −101.29
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −632.61 | −578.14 | −182.71 | 17.02 |
| −316.31 | −289.07 | −91.355 | 8.510 | |
per 1 mol of | −316.31 | −289.07 | −91.355 | 8.510 |
per 1 mol of | −316.31 | −289.07 | −91.355 | 8.510 |
| −632.61 | −578.14 | −182.71 | 17.02 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −586.70 kJ/mol K 6.10 × 10102 pK −102.79
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −556.96 | −586.70 | 99.2 | 116.5 |
| −278.48 | −293.35 | 49.6 | 58.25 | |
per 1 mol of | −278.48 | −293.35 | 49.6 | 58.25 |
per 1 mol of | −278.48 | −293.35 | 49.6 | 58.25 |
| −556.96 | −586.70 | 99.2 | 116.5 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −569.1 kJ/mol K 5.04 × 1099 pK −99.70
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −561.2 | −569.1 | 546 | – |
| −280.6 | −284.6 | 273 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −280.6 | −284.6 | 273 | – |
per 1 mol of | −280.6 | −284.6 | 273 | – |
| −561.2 | −569.1 | 546 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 29.12[1] | 24.77[1] |
| (g) | 159.37[1] | 126.66[1] | 138.77[1] | 20.786[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiCl (cr) | -408.61[1] | -384.37[1] | 59.33[1] | 47.99[1] |
| LiCl (g) | -195.4[1] | -216.7[1] | 212.824[1] | 33.22[1] |
| LiCl (ai) | -445.64[1] | -424.58[1] | 69.9[1] | -67.8[1] |
| LiCl (cr) 1 hydrate | -712.58[1] | -631.80[1] | 102.84[1] | – |
| LiCl (cr) 2 hydrate | -1012.65[1] | – | – | – |
| LiCl (cr) 3 hydrate | -1311.3[1] | – | – | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 159.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 126.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 138.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -408.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.33 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 47.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -195.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -216.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 212.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -445.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -424.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -67.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -712.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -631.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1012.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1311.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1