2Hg2Cl2 + 4H2O2 + 8H+ → 4Hg2+ + Cl2O↑ + 7H2O + 2HCl↑
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- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and under acidic condition
- 2Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 4 + 8H+Hydrogen ion4Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + 7H2OWater + 2HCl↑Hydrogen chloride⟶
The reaction of mercury(I) chloride, , and hydrogen ion yields mercury(II) ion, dichlorine monoxide, water, and hydrogen chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and under acidic condition
- 2Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 4 + 8H+Hydrogen ion4Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + 7H2OWater + 2HCl↑Hydrogen chloride⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 | Mercury(I) chloride | 2 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| 4 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition | ||
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 8 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ | Mercury(II) ion | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| Cl2O | Dichlorine monoxide | 1 | Redoxed product | – |
| H2O | Water | 7 | Reduced | Water |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 2 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −137.4 kJ/mol K 1.18 × 1024 pK −24.07
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −125.6 | −137.4 | 40.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −62.80 | −68.70 | 20.0 | – |
| −31.40 | −34.35 | 10.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −15.70 | −17.18 | 5.00 | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | −31.40 | −34.35 | 10.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −125.6 | −137.4 | 40.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −17.94 | −19.63 | 5.71 | – |
per 1 mol of | −62.80 | −68.70 | 20.0 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −209.2 kJ/mol K 4.47 × 1036 pK −36.65
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −275.3 | −209.2 | −220.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −137.7 | −104.6 | −110.4 | – |
| −68.83 | −52.30 | −55.20 | – | |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −34.41 | −26.15 | −27.60 | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | −68.83 | −52.30 | −55.20 | – |
per 1 mol of | −275.3 | −209.2 | −220.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −39.33 | −29.89 | −31.54 | – |
per 1 mol of | −137.7 | −104.6 | −110.4 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 (cr) | -265.22[1] | -210.745[1] | 192.5[1] | – |
| (l) | -187.78[1] | -120.35[1] | 109.6[1] | 89.1[1] |
| (g) | -136.31[1] | -105.57[1] | 232.7[1] | 43.1[1] |
| (ao) | -191.17[1] | -134.03[1] | 143.9[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ (g) | 2890.47[1] | – | – | – |
| Hg2+ (ao) | 171.1[1] | 164.40[1] | -32.2[1] | – |
| Cl2O (g) | 80.3[1] | 97.9[1] | 266.21[1] | 45.40[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -265.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -187.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -120.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 89.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -136.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -105.57 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 232.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 43.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -191.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -134.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 143.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2890.47 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 171.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 164.40 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -32.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 80.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 97.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1