2NiSO4 🔥→ 2NiO + 2S + 3O2↑
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- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate yields nickel(II) oxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
General equation
- Thermal decomposition with redox
- Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
- Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiSO4 | Nickel(II) sulfate | 2 | Self redox agent | Thermally decomposable Oxoacid salt |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiO | Nickel(II) oxide | 2 | – | – |
| 2 | Reduced | – | ||
| 3 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1096.0 kJ/mol K 0.98 × 10−192 pK 192.01
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1266.4 | 1096.0 | 571 | −54 |
per 1 mol of | 633.20 | 548.00 | 286 | −27 |
per 1 mol of | 633.20 | 548.00 | 286 | −27 |
| 633.20 | 548.00 | 286 | −27 | |
| 422.13 | 365.33 | 190 | −18 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1267.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 633.55 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 633.55 | – | – | – |
| 633.55 | – | – | – | |
| 422.37 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1157.2 kJ/mol K 0.19 × 10−202 pK 202.73
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1447.0 | 1157.2 | 972.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 723.50 | 578.60 | 486.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 723.50 | 578.60 | 486.3 | – |
| 723.50 | 578.60 | 486.3 | – | |
| 482.33 | 385.73 | 324.2 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1206.4 kJ/mol K 0.44 × 10−211 pK 211.35
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1411.9 | 1206.4 | 689.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 705.95 | 603.20 | 344.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 705.95 | 603.20 | 344.9 | – |
| 705.95 | 603.20 | 344.9 | – | |
| 470.63 | 402.13 | 230.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1183.2 kJ/mol K 0.52 × 10−207 pK 207.29
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1419.2 | 1183.2 | 791.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 709.60 | 591.60 | 395.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 709.60 | 591.60 | 395.5 | – |
| 709.60 | 591.60 | 395.5 | – | |
| 473.07 | 394.40 | 263.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1232.4 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10−215 pK 215.91
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1384.1 | 1232.4 | 508.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 692.05 | 616.20 | 254.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 692.05 | 616.20 | 254.2 | – |
| 692.05 | 616.20 | 254.2 | – | |
| 461.37 | 410.80 | 169.4 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiSO4 (cr) | -872.91[1] | -759.7[1] | 92[1] | 138[1] |
| NiSO4 (ai) | -963.2[1] | -790.3[1] | -108.8[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (ao) | -949.3[1] | -803.3[1] | -18.0[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2104.1[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate α, tetragonal, green | -2682.82[1] | -2224.61[1] | 334.47[1] | 327.86[1] |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate β, monoclinic, blue | -2672.3[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 7 hydrate | -2976.33[1] | -2461.83[1] | 378.94[1] | 364.59[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiO (cr) | -239.7[1] | -211.7[1] | 37.99[1] | 44.31[1] |
| NiO (g) | 314[1] | – | – | – |
| (cr) rhombic | 0[1] | 0[1] | 31.80[1] | 22.64[1] |
| (cr) monoclinic | 0.33[1] | – | – | – |
| (g) | 278.805[1] | 238.250[1] | 167.821[1] | 23.673[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 205.138[1] | 29.355[1] |
| (ao) | -11.7[1] | 16.4[1] | 110.9[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -872.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -759.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 92. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -963.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -790.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -108.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -949.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -803.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -18.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2104.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2682.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2224.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 334.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 327.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2672.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2976.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2461.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 378.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 364.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -239.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -211.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 37.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.31 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 314. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 31.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 22.64 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 278.805 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 238.250 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 167.821 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 23.673 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 205.138 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.355 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -11.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 16.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.9 J · K−1 · mol−1