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32Au + 12KClO4 + 99H+ 🔥→ 3H[AuCl4] + 29Au3+ + 12K+ + 48H2O

Reaction of gold and potassium perchlorate under acidic condition
32AuGold + 12KClO4Potassium perchlorate + 99H+Hydrogen ion
🔥
3H[AuCl4]Tetrachloridoauric(III) acid + 29Au3+Gold(III) ion + 12K+Potassium ion + 48H2OWater

The reaction of gold, potassium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields tetrachloridoauric(III) acid, gold(III) ion, potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of gold and potassium perchlorate under acidic condition
32AuGold + 12KClO4Potassium perchlorate + 99H+Hydrogen ion
🔥
3H[AuCl4]Tetrachloridoauric(III) acid + 29Au3+Gold(III) ion + 12K+Potassium ion + 48H2OWater

General equation

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of gold and potassium perchlorate under acidic condition

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
AuGold32
Reducing
Hardly oxidizable
KClO4Potassium perchlorate12
Oxidizing
Oxidizing under acidic condition
H+Hydrogen ion99
Hydrogen ion

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
H[AuCl4]Tetrachloridoauric(III) acid3
Redoxed product
Au3+Gold(III) ion29
Oxidized
K+Potassium ion12
H2OWater48
Water

Thermodynamic changes

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Au (cr)0[1]0[1]47.40[1]25.418[1]
Au (g)366.1[1]326.3[1]180.503[1]20.786[1]
KClO4 (cr)-432.75[1]-303.09[1]151.0[1]112.38[1]
KClO4 (ai)-381.71[1]-291.79[1]284.5[1]
H+ (g)1536.202[1]
H+ (ao)0[1]0[1]0[1]0[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
H[AuCl4]
Au3+
K+ (g)514.26[1]
K+ (ao)-252.38[1]-283.27[1]102.5[1]21.8[1]
H2O (cr)
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1