3C4H9OH + 2H2Cr2O7 + 12H+ → 3C3H7COOH + 4Cr3+ + 11H2O
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- Reaction of , dichromic acid, and hydrogen ion
- 3 + 2H2Cr2O7Dichromic acid + 12H+Hydrogen ion3C3H7COOHButanoic acid + 4Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 11H2OWater⟶
The reaction of , dichromic acid, and hydrogen ion yields butanoic acid, chromium(III) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of , dichromic acid, and hydrogen ion
- 3 + 2H2Cr2O7Dichromic acid + 12H+Hydrogen ion3C3H7COOHButanoic acid + 4Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 11H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Oxidation of alcohol to carboxylic acid with chromium vi compound
- AlcoholReducing agent + Chromium vi compoundOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ Carboxylic acidOxidation product + Cr3+Reduction product + Cation(Non-redox product) + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of , dichromic acid, and hydrogen ion
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Reducing | Alcohol | ||
| H2Cr2O7 | Dichromic acid | 2 | Oxidizing | Chromium vi compound |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 12 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3H7COOH | Butanoic acid | 3 | Oxidized | Carboxylic acid |
| Cr3+ | Chromium(III) ion | 4 | Reduced | Chromium(III) ion |
| H2O | Water | 11 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (l) | -327.3[1] | -162.5[1] | 225.8[1] | 177.0[1] |
| (g) | -275.0[1] | -150.8[1] | 362.8[1] | 122.6[1] |
| H2Cr2O7 | – | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[2] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[2] | 0[2] | 0[2] | 0[2] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C3H7COOH (l) | -533.8[1] | -377.7[1] | 222.2[1] | 178.6[1] |
| Cr3+ (g) | 5648.4[2] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[2] | -237.129[2] | 69.91[2] | 75.291[2] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[2] | -228.572[2] | 188.825[2] | 33.577[2] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -327.3 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfG°, -162.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ S°, 225.8 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ Cp°, 177.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfH°, -275.0 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfG°, -150.8 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ S°, 362.8 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ Cp°, 122.6 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfH°, -533.8 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfG°, -377.7 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ S°, 222.2 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ Cp°, 178.6 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- 2Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5648.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1