3C10H21OH + 2(NH4)2Cr2O7 + 16H+ → 3C9H19COOH + 4Cr3+ + 4NH4+ + 11H2O
Last updated:
- Reaction of , ammonium dichromate, and hydrogen ion
- 3 + 2(NH4)2Cr2O7Ammonium dichromate + 16H+Hydrogen ion3C9H19COOHDecanoic acid + 4Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 4NH4+Ammonium ion + 11H2OWater⟶
The reaction of , ammonium dichromate, and hydrogen ion yields decanoic acid, chromium(III) ion, ammonium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of , ammonium dichromate, and hydrogen ion
- 3 + 2(NH4)2Cr2O7Ammonium dichromate + 16H+Hydrogen ion3C9H19COOHDecanoic acid + 4Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 4NH4+Ammonium ion + 11H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Oxidation of alcohol to carboxylic acid with chromium vi compound
- AlcoholReducing agent + Chromium vi compoundOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ Carboxylic acidOxidation product + Cr3+Reduction product + Cation(Non-redox product) + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of , ammonium dichromate, and hydrogen ion
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Reducing | Alcohol | ||
| (NH4)2Cr2O7 | Ammonium dichromate | 2 | Oxidizing | Chromium vi compound |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 16 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9H19COOH | Decanoic acid | 3 | Oxidized | Carboxylic acid |
| Cr3+ | Chromium(III) ion | 4 | Reduced | Chromium(III) ion |
| NH4+ | Ammonium ion | 4 | – | Cation |
| H2O | Water | 11 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | – | – | – | |
| (NH4)2Cr2O7 (cr) | -1806.7[1] | – | – | – |
| (NH4)2Cr2O7 (ai) | -1755.2[1] | -1459.5[1] | 488.7[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C9H19COOH (cr) | -713.7[2] | – | – | – |
| Cr3+ (g) | 5648.4[1] | – | – | – |
| NH4+ (ao) | -132.51[1] | -79.31[1] | 113.4[1] | 79.9[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -1806.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1755.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1459.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 488.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5648.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -132.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 113.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -713.7 kJ · mol−1 - p.955