3C3H7OH + 4Na2CrO4 + 20H+ → 3C2H5COOH + 4Cr3+ + 8Na+ + 13H2O
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- Reaction of , sodium chromate, and hydrogen ion
- 3 + 4Na2CrO4Sodium chromate + 20H+Hydrogen ion3C2H5COOHPropanoic acid + 4Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 8Na+Sodium ion + 13H2OWater⟶
The reaction of , sodium chromate, and hydrogen ion yields propanoic acid, chromium(III) ion, sodium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of , sodium chromate, and hydrogen ion
- 3 + 4Na2CrO4Sodium chromate + 20H+Hydrogen ion3C2H5COOHPropanoic acid + 4Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 8Na+Sodium ion + 13H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Oxidation of alcohol to carboxylic acid with chromium vi compound
- AlcoholReducing agent + Chromium vi compoundOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ Carboxylic acidOxidation product + Cr3+Reduction product + Cation(Non-redox product) + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of , sodium chromate, and hydrogen ion
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Reducing | Alcohol | ||
| Na2CrO4 | Sodium chromate | 4 | Oxidizing | Chromium vi compound |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 20 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C2H5COOH | Propanoic acid | 3 | Oxidized | Carboxylic acid |
| Cr3+ | Chromium(III) ion | 4 | Reduced | Chromium(III) ion |
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 8 | – | Cation |
| H2O | Water | 13 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | – | – | – | |
| Na2CrO4 (cr) | -1342.2[1] | -1234.93[1] | 176.61[1] | 142.13[1] |
| Na2CrO4 (ai) | -1361.39[1] | -1251.58[1] | 168.2[1] | – |
| Na2CrO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2528.8[1] | – | – | – |
| Na2CrO4 (cr) 10 hydrate | -4281.1[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C2H5COOH (l) | -510.7[2] | -383.5[2] | 191.0[2] | 152.8[2] |
| Cr3+ (g) | 5648.4[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -1342.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1234.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 176.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 142.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1361.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1251.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 168.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2528.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4281.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5648.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -510.7 kJ · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ ΔfG°, -383.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ S°, 191.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.982
- ^ Cp°, 152.8 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.982