3(NH4)2SO4 🔥→ HNO2 + 3SO2↑ + 4H2O + 5NH3↑
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- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate
Decomposition of ammonium sulfate yields nitrous acid, sulfur dioxide, water, and ammonia (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate
General equation
- Thermal decomposition with redox
- Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
- Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2SO4 | Ammonium sulfate | 3 | Self redox agent | Thermally decomposable Oxoacid salt |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| SO2 | Sulfur dioxide | 3 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 4 | – | – |
| NH3 | Ammonia | 5 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate◆
ΔrG 727.5 kJ/mol K 0.35 × 10−127 pK 127.45
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1139.3 | 727.5 | 1381.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 379.77 | 242.5 | 460.50 | – |
per 1 mol of | 1139.3 | 727.5 | 1381.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 379.77 | 242.5 | 460.50 | – |
per 1 mol of | 284.82 | 181.9 | 345.38 | – |
per 1 mol of | 227.86 | 145.5 | 276.30 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate◆
ΔrG 677.2 kJ/mol K 0.23 × 10−118 pK 118.64
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 968.4 | 677.2 | 975.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 322.8 | 225.7 | 325.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 968.4 | 677.2 | 975.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 322.8 | 225.7 | 325.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 242.1 | 169.3 | 243.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 193.7 | 135.4 | 195.1 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate◆
ΔrG 726.0 kJ/mol K 0.65 × 10−127 pK 127.19
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1060.8 | 726.0 | 1122.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 353.60 | 242.0 | 374.17 | – |
per 1 mol of | 1060.8 | 726.0 | 1122.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 353.60 | 242.0 | 374.17 | – |
per 1 mol of | 265.20 | 181.5 | 280.63 | – |
per 1 mol of | 212.16 | 145.2 | 224.50 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Decomposition of ammonium sulfate◆
ΔrG 675.8 kJ/mol K 0.40 × 10−118 pK 118.40
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 889.9 | 675.8 | 716.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 296.6 | 225.3 | 238.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 889.9 | 675.8 | 716.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 296.6 | 225.3 | 238.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 222.5 | 168.9 | 179.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 178.0 | 135.2 | 143.3 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2SO4 (cr) | -1180.85[1] | -901.67[1] | 220.1[1] | 187.49[1] |
| (NH4)2SO4 (ai) | -1174.28[1] | -903.14[1] | 246.9[1] | -133.1[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
| HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
| HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
| HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | – |
| SO2 (l) | -320.5[1] | – | – | – |
| SO2 (g) | -296.830[1] | -300.194[1] | 248.22[1] | 39.87[1] |
| SO2 (ao) | -322.980[1] | -300.676[1] | 161.9[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
| NH3 (g) | -46.11[1] | -16.45[1] | 192.45[1] | 35.06[1] |
| NH3 (ao) | -80.29[1] | -26.50[1] | 111.3[1] | – |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -1180.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -901.67 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 220.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 187.49 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1174.28 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -903.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 246.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -133.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -42.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -45.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -46.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -119.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 135.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -320.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -296.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.194 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 39.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -322.980 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.676 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -46.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -16.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.45 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -26.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.3 J · K−1 · mol−1