3BaCl2 + 4KMnO4 + 18H+ → 3Ba2+ + 2HClO4 + 4Mn3+ + 4KCl + 8H2O
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- Reaction of barium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 3BaCl2Barium chloride + 4KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 18H+Hydrogen ion3Ba2+Barium ion + 2HClO4Perchloric acid + 4Mn3+Manganese(III) ion + 4KClPotassium chloride + 8H2OWater⟶
The reaction of barium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields barium ion, perchloric acid, manganese(III) ion, potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of barium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 3BaCl2Barium chloride + 4KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 18H+Hydrogen ion3Ba2+Barium ion + 2HClO4Perchloric acid + 4Mn3+Manganese(III) ion + 4KClPotassium chloride + 8H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of barium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BaCl2 | Barium chloride | 3 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 4 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 18 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba2+ | Barium ion | 3 | – | – |
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| Mn3+ | Manganese(III) ion | 4 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 4 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 8 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BaCl2 (cr) | -858.6[1] | -810.4[1] | 123.68[1] | 75.14[1] |
| BaCl2 (g) | -525.9[1] | -537.6[1] | 325.29[1] | 56.19[1] |
| BaCl2 (ai) | -871.95[1] | -823.21[1] | 122.6[1] | – |
| BaCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1160.6[1] | -1055.63[1] | 166.9[1] | – |
| BaCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1460.13[1] | -1296.32[1] | 202.9[1] | 161.96[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba2+ (g) | 1660.38[1] | – | – | – |
| Ba2+ (ao) | -537.64[1] | -560.77[1] | 9.6[1] | – |
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn3+ (g) | 5776.4[1] | – | – | – |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -858.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -810.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 123.68 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -525.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -537.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 325.29 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 56.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -871.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -823.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 122.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1160.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1055.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1460.13 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1296.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 202.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 161.96 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1660.38 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -537.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -560.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 9.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5776.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1