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  3. 3CdCl2 + 4KMnO4 + 6H^+ ๐Ÿ”ฅโ†’ 3Cd^2+ + 4KClO + Cl2Oโ†‘ + 4MnO2 + 3H2O

3CdCl2 + 4KMnO4 + 6H+ ๐Ÿ”ฅโ†’ 3Cd2+ + 4KClO + Cl2Oโ†‘ + 4MnO2 + 3H2O

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Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
3CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 4KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 6H+Hydrogen ion
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
3Cd2+Cadmium ion + 4KClOPotassium hypochlorite + Cl2Oโ†‘Dichlorine monoxide + 4MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 3H2OWater

The reaction of cadmium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields cadmium ion, potassium hypochlorite, dichlorine monoxide, manganese(IV) oxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
3CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 4KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 6H+Hydrogen ion
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
3Cd2+Cadmium ion + 4KClOPotassium hypochlorite + Cl2Oโ†‘Dichlorine monoxide + 4MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 3H2OWater

General equation

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent
โŸถ
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CdCl2Cadmium chloride3
Reducing
Hardly oxidizable
KMnO4Potassium permanganate4
Oxidizing
Oxidizing under acidic condition
H+Hydrogen ion6
โ€“
Hydrogen ion

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
Cd2+Cadmium ion3
โ€“
โ€“
KClOPotassium hypochlorite4
Oxidized
โ€“
Cl2ODichlorine monoxide1
Oxidized
โ€“
MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide4
Reduced
โ€“
H2OWater3
โ€“
Water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
โ—†
ฮ”rGโˆ’44.7 kJ/mol
K6.78 ร— 107
pKโˆ’7.83
3CdCl2Ionized aqueous solution + 4KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution + 6H+Un-ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
3Cd2+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4KClOIonized aqueous solution + Cl2Oโ†‘Gas + 4MnO2Crystalline solid + 3H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
โˆ’116.8โˆ’44.7โˆ’241โ€“
per 1 mol of
โˆ’38.93โˆ’14.9โˆ’80.3โ€“
โˆ’29.20โˆ’11.2โˆ’60.3โ€“
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
โˆ’19.47โˆ’7.45โˆ’40.2โ€“
per 1 mol of
Cadmium ion
โˆ’38.93โˆ’14.9โˆ’80.3โ€“
โˆ’29.20โˆ’11.2โˆ’60.3โ€“
โˆ’116.8โˆ’44.7โˆ’241โ€“
โˆ’29.20โˆ’11.2โˆ’60.3โ€“
per 1 mol of
โˆ’38.93โˆ’14.9โˆ’80.3โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
โ—†
ฮ”rG13.0 kJ/mol
K0.53 ร— 10โˆ’2
pK2.28
3CdCl2Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution + 6H+Un-ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
3Cd2+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4KClOIonized aqueous solution + Cl2Oโ†‘Gas + 4MnO2Crystalline solid + 3H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
โˆ’132.413.0โˆ’488โ€“
per 1 mol of
โˆ’44.134.33โˆ’163โ€“
โˆ’33.103.25โˆ’122โ€“
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
โˆ’22.072.17โˆ’81.3โ€“
per 1 mol of
Cadmium ion
โˆ’44.134.33โˆ’163โ€“
โˆ’33.103.25โˆ’122โ€“
โˆ’132.413.0โˆ’488โ€“
โˆ’33.103.25โˆ’122โ€“
per 1 mol of
โˆ’44.134.33โˆ’163โ€“

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ฮ”fHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ฮ”fGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
molar entropy
Sยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
CdCl2 (cr)-391.50[1]-343.93[1]115.27[1]74.68[1]
CdCl2 (ai)-410.20[1]-340.068[1]39.7[1]โ€“
CdCl2 (ao)-405.0[1]-359.29[1]121.8[1]โ€“
CdCl2 (cr)
1 hydrate
-688.44[1]-586.975[1]167.8[1]โ€“
CdCl2 (cr)
2.5 hydrate
-1131.94[1]-943.939[1]227.2[1]โ€“
KMnO4 (cr)-837.2[1]-737.6[1]171.71[1]117.57[1]
KMnO4 (ai)-793.8[1]-730.5[1]293.7[1]-60.2[1]
H+ (g)1536.202[1]โ€“โ€“โ€“
H+ (ao)0[1]0[1]0[1]0[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ฮ”fHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ฮ”fGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
molar entropy
Sยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
Cd2+ (g)2623.54[1]โ€“โ€“โ€“
Cd2+ (ao)-75.90[1]-77.612[1]-73.2[1]โ€“
KClO (ai)-359.4[1]-320.0[1]146[1]โ€“
Cl2O (g)80.3[1]97.9[1]266.21[1]45.40[1]
MnO2 (cr)-520.03[1]-465.14[1]53.05[1]54.14[1]
MnO2 (am)
precipitated
-502.5[1]โ€“โ€“โ€“
H2O (cr)โ€“โ€“โ€“โ€“
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)