3Ca(ClO)2 + 6HNO3 → 3Ca(NO2)2 + 4ClO2↑ + 2HClO + 2H2O
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- Reaction of calcium hypochlorite and nitric acid
The reaction of calcium hypochlorite and nitric acid yields calcium nitrite, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorous acid, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of calcium hypochlorite and nitric acid
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of calcium hypochlorite and nitric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(ClO)2 | Calcium hypochlorite | 3 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 6 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(NO2)2 | Calcium nitrite | 3 | Reduced | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| HClO | Hypochlorous acid | 2 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of calcium hypochlorite and nitric acid
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 879.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 293.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 146.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 293.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 219.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 439.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 439.9 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of calcium hypochlorite and nitric acid
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 769.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 256.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 128.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 256.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 192.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 384.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 384.6 | – | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(ClO)2 (aq) | -754.4[1] | – | – | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (aq):Aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(NO2)2 (cr) | -741.4[1] | – | – | – |
| Ca(NO2)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1885.7[1] | – | – | – |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| HClO (g) | -78.7[1] | -66.1[1] | 236.67[1] | 37.15[1] |
| HClO (ao) | -120.9[1] | -79.9[1] | 142[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -754.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -741.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1885.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -78.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -66.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 236.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.15 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1