3Ca(NO3)2 + Al2(SO4)3 💧→ 3CaSO4↓ + 2Al(NO3)3
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The reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate yields calcium sulfate and aluminium nitrate. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate
General equation
- Precipitation reaction
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis acid + Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis base💧⟶ Insoluble in water/Very slightly soluble in water/Slightly soluble in waterLewis conjugate + Product(Non-redox product)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(NO3)2 | Calcium nitrate | 3 | Lewis acid | Very soluble in water |
| Al2(SO4)3 | Aluminium sulfate | 1 | Lewis base | Very soluble in water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaSO4 | Calcium sulfate | 3 | Lewis conjugate | Slightly soluble in water |
| Al(NO3)3 | Aluminium nitrate | 2 | Non-redox product | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 35 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 12 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 35 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 12 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 18 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 62 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 21 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 62 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 21 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 31 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 75 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 25 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 75 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 25 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 38 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate◆
ΔrG −72 kJ/mol K 4.11 × 1012 pK −12.61
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 51 | −72 | 419.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 17 | −24 | 139.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 51 | −72 | 419.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 17 | −24 | 139.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 26 | −36 | 209.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (5)
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate◆
ΔrG −47 kJ/mol K 1.71 × 108 pK −8.23
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 78 | −47 | 424.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 26 | −16 | 141.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 78 | −47 | 424.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 26 | −16 | 141.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 39 | −24 | 212.3 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (6)
- Reaction of calcium nitrate and aluminium sulfate◆
ΔrG −34 kJ/mol K 9.05 × 105 pK −5.96
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 91 | −34 | 424.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 30 | −11 | 141.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 91 | −34 | 424.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 30 | −11 | 141.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 46 | −17 | 212.3 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(NO3)2 (cr) | -938.39[1] | -743.07[1] | 193.3[1] | 149.37[1] |
| Ca(NO3)2 (ai) | -957.55[1] | -776.09[1] | 239.7[1] | – |
| Ca(NO3)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1540.76[1] | -1229.11[1] | 269.4[1] | – |
| Ca(NO3)2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1838.0[1] | -1471.7[1] | 319.2[1] | – |
| Ca(NO3)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2132.33[1] | -1713.15[1] | 375.3[1] | – |
| Al2(SO4)3 (cr) | -3440.84[1] | -3099.94[1] | 239.3[1] | 259.41[1] |
| Al2(SO4)3 (ai) | -3791[1] | -3205[1] | -583.2[1] | – |
| Al2(SO4)3 (aq) | -3774.8[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2(SO4)3 (cr) 6 hydrate | -5311.71[1] | -4622.08[1] | 469.0[1] | 492.9[1] |
| Al2(SO4)3 (cr) 18 hydrate | -8878.9[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (aq):Aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaSO4 (cr) insoluble, anhydrite | -1434.11[1] | -1321.79[1] | 106.7[1] | 99.66[1] |
| CaSO4 (cr) soluble, α | -1425.24[1] | -1313.42[1] | 108.4[1] | 100.21[1] |
| CaSO4 (cr) soluble, β | -1420.80[1] | -1308.98[1] | 108.4[1] | 99.04[1] |
| CaSO4 (ai) | -1452.10[1] | -1298.10[1] | -33.1[1] | – |
| CaSO4 (cr) 0.5 hydrate macrocrystalline, α | -1576.74[1] | -1436.74[1] | 130.5[1] | 119.41[1] |
| CaSO4 (cr) 0.5 hydrate microcrystalline, β | -1574.65[1] | -1435.78[1] | 134.3[1] | 124.22[1] |
| CaSO4 (cr) 2 hydrate selenite | -2022.63[1] | -1797.28[1] | 194.1[1] | 186.02[1] |
| Al(NO3)3 (ai) | -1155[1] | -820[1] | 117.6[1] | – |
| Al(NO3)3 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2850.48[1] | -2203.39[1] | 467.8[1] | 433.0[1] |
| Al(NO3)3 (cr) 9 hydrate | -3757.06[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -938.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -743.07 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 193.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 149.37 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -957.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -776.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1540.76 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1229.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 269.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1838.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1471.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 319.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2132.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1713.15 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 375.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3440.84 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -3099.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 259.41 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3791. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -3205. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -583.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3774.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -5311.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -4622.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 469.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 492.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -8878.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1434.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1321.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 106.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 99.66 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1425.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1313.42 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 108.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1420.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1308.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 108.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 99.04 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1452.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1298.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -33.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1576.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1436.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 119.41 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1574.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1435.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 134.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 124.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2022.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1797.28 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 194.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 186.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1155. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -820. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2850.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2203.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 467.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 433.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3757.06 kJ · mol−1