3Li[AlH4] + 6KMnO4 → 3LiOH + 3Mn2O3 + Al(OH)3 + Al2O3 + 6KOH
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The reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate yields lithium hydroxide, manganese(III) oxide, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium oxide, and potassium hydroxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li[AlH4] | Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate | 3 | Reducing | Reducing |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 6 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiOH | Lithium hydroxide | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| Mn2O3 | Manganese(III) oxide | 3 | Reduced | – |
| Al(OH)3 | Aluminium hydroxide | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| Al2O3 | Aluminium oxide | 1 | – | – |
| KOH | Potassium hydroxide | 6 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −4563 kJ/mol K 2.53 × 10799 pK −799.40
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4468 | −4563 | −211 | 78.5 |
per 1 mol of | −1489 | −1521 | −70.3 | 26.2 |
per 1 mol of | −744.7 | −760.5 | −35.2 | 13.1 |
per 1 mol of | −1489 | −1521 | −70.3 | 26.2 |
per 1 mol of | −1489 | −1521 | −70.3 | 26.2 |
per 1 mol of | −4468 | −4563 | −211 | 78.5 |
per 1 mol of | −4468 | −4563 | −211 | 78.5 |
per 1 mol of | −744.7 | −760.5 | −35.2 | 13.1 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4459 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1486 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −743.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1486 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1486 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4459 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4459 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −743.2 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4449 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1483 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1483 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1483 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4449 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4449 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.5 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4455 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1485 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −742.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1485 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1485 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4455 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4455 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −742.5 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (5)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4449 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1483 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1483 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1483 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4449 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4449 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.5 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (6)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4424 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1475 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −737.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1475 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1475 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4424 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4424 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −737.3 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (7)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4460 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1487 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −743.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1487 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1487 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4460 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4460 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −743.3 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (8)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4451 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1484 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1484 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1484 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4451 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4451 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.8 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (9)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4441 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1480 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −740.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1480 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1480 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4441 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4441 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −740.2 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (10)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4447 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1482 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1482 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1482 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4447 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4447 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −741.2 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (11)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4441 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1480 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −740.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1480 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1480 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4441 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4441 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −740.2 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (12)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −4416 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1472 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −736.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1472 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1472 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4416 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −4416 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −736.0 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −5009 kJ/mol K 3.46 × 10877 pK −877.54
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −5145 | −5009 | −987 | −393.8 |
per 1 mol of | −1715 | −1670 | −329 | −131.3 |
per 1 mol of | −857.5 | −834.8 | −165 | −65.63 |
per 1 mol of | −1715 | −1670 | −329 | −131.3 |
per 1 mol of | −1715 | −1670 | −329 | −131.3 |
per 1 mol of | −5145 | −5009 | −987 | −393.8 |
per 1 mol of | −5145 | −5009 | −987 | −393.8 |
per 1 mol of | −857.5 | −834.8 | −165 | −65.63 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −5013 kJ/mol K 1.74 × 10878 pK −878.24
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −5144 | −5013 | −974 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1715 | −1671 | −325 | – |
per 1 mol of | −857.3 | −835.5 | −162 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1715 | −1671 | −325 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1715 | −1671 | −325 | – |
per 1 mol of | −5144 | −5013 | −974 | – |
per 1 mol of | −5144 | −5013 | −974 | – |
per 1 mol of | −857.3 | −835.5 | −162 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li[AlH4] (cr) | -116.3[1] | -44.7[1] | 78.74[1] | 83.18[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiOH (cr) | -484.93[1] | -438.95[1] | 42.80[1] | 49.66[1] |
| LiOH (g) | -238.1[1] | -242.3[1] | 210.90[1] | 46.02[1] |
| LiOH (ai) | -508.48[1] | -450.58[1] | 2.80[1] | -79.9[1] |
| LiOH (ao) | -508.4[1] | -451.8[1] | 7.1[1] | – |
| LiOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -788.01[1] | -680.95[1] | 71.21[1] | 79.50[1] |
| Mn2O3 (cr) | -959.0[1] | -881.1[1] | 110.5[1] | 107.65[1] |
| Al(OH)3 (cr) | -1284[2] | -1306[2] | 71[2] | 93.1[2] |
| Al(OH)3 (am) | -1276[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) α, corundum | -1675.7[1] | -1582.3[1] | 50.92[1] | 79.04[1] |
| Al2O3 (cr) δ | -1666.5[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) ρ | -1657[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) κ | -1662.3[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) γ | -1656.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (am) | -1632[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1998.91[1] | -1841.78[1] | 70.67[1] | 106.19[1] |
| Al2O3 (cr) 3 hydrate | -2576.5[1] | – | – | – |
| KOH (cr) | -424.764[1] | -379.08[1] | 78.9[1] | 64.9[1] |
| KOH (g) | -231.0[1] | -232.6[1] | 238.3[1] | 49.20[1] |
| KOH (ai) | -482.37[1] | -440.50[1] | 91.6[1] | -126.8[1] |
| KOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -748.9[1] | -645.1[1] | 117.2[1] | – |
| KOH (cr) 2 hydrate | -1051.0[1] | -887.3[1] | 150.6[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -116.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -44.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.74 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 83.18 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -484.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -438.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 42.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.66 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -238.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -242.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -508.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -450.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 2.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -79.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -508.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -451.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 7.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -788.01 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -680.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 71.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -959.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -881.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 107.65 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1276. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1675.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1582.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 50.92 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.04 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1666.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1657. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1662.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1656.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1632. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1998.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1841.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 70.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 106.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2576.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -424.764 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -379.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 64.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -231.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -232.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -482.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 91.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -126.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -748.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -645.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1051.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -887.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 150.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -1284 kJ · mol−1 - p.254
- ^ ΔfG°, -1306 kJ · mol−1 - p.254
- ^ S°, 71 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.254
- ^ Cp°, 93.1 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.254