3MgCO3 + 2H3PO4 → Mg3(PO4)2 + 3H2CO3
Last updated:
The reaction of magnesium carbonate and phosphoric acid yields magnesium phosphate and carbonic acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of magnesium carbonate and phosphoric acid
General equation
- Salt of volatile acidBrønsted base + Nonvolatile acidBrønsted acid ⟶ Salt of non volatile acidConjugate base + Volatile acidConjugate acid
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of magnesium carbonate and phosphoric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MgCO3 | Magnesium carbonate | 3 | Brønsted base | Salt of volatile acid |
| H3PO4 | Phosphoric acid | 2 | Brønsted acid | Nonvolatile acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg3(PO4)2 | Magnesium phosphate | 1 | Conjugate base | Salt of non volatile acid |
| H2CO3 | Carbonic acid | 3 | Conjugate acid | Volatile acid |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of magnesium carbonate and phosphoric acid◆
ΔrG −86.6 kJ/mol K 1.48 × 1015 pK −15.17
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −15.6 | −86.6 | 237.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −5.20 | −28.9 | 79.30 | – |
per 1 mol of | −7.80 | −43.3 | 119.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −15.6 | −86.6 | 237.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −5.20 | −28.9 | 79.30 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of magnesium carbonate and phosphoric acid◆
ΔrG −334.2 kJ/mol K 3.54 × 1058 pK −58.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −37.4 | −334.2 | 994.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −12.5 | −111.4 | 331.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −18.7 | −167.1 | 497.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −37.4 | −334.2 | 994.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −12.5 | −111.4 | 331.6 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of magnesium carbonate and phosphoric acid◆
ΔrG −86.6 kJ/mol K 1.48 × 1015 pK −15.17
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −15.6 | −86.6 | 237.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −5.20 | −28.9 | 79.30 | – |
per 1 mol of | −7.80 | −43.3 | 119.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −15.6 | −86.6 | 237.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −5.20 | −28.9 | 79.30 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MgCO3 (cr) | -1095.8[1] | -1012.1[1] | 65.7[1] | 75.52[1] |
| MgCO3 (cr) 3 hydrate | – | -1726.1[1] | – | – |
| MgCO3 (cr) 5 hydrate | – | -2199.2[1] | – | – |
| H3PO4 (cr) | -1279.0[1] | -1119.1[1] | 110.50[1] | 106.06[1] |
| H3PO4 (l) | -1266.9[1] | – | – | – |
| H3PO4 (ai) | -1277.4[1] | -1018.7[1] | -220.3[1] | – |
| H3PO4 (ao) | -1288.34[1] | -1142.54[1] | 158.2[1] | – |
| H3PO4 (cr) 0.5 hydrate | -1431.3[1] | -1242.1[1] | 129.16[1] | 126.02[1] |
| H3PO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1568.83[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg3(PO4)2 (cr) | -3780.7[1] | -3538.7[1] | 189.20[1] | 213.47[1] |
| H2CO3 (ao) | -699.65[1] | -623.08[1] | 187.4[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -1095.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1012.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 65.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.52 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1726.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2199.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1279.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1119.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 106.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1266.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1277.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1018.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -220.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1288.34 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1142.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 158.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1431.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1242.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 129.16 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 126.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1568.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3780.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -3538.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 189.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 213.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -699.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -623.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 187.4 J · K−1 · mol−1