3ZnBr2 + 6KMnO4 + 9H2O 🔥→ 3Zn(OH)2 + 5KBrO3 + 6Mn(OH)2 + KBr
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- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
The reaction of zinc bromide, potassium permanganate, and water yields zinc hydroxide, potassium bromate, manganese(II) hydroxide, and potassium bromide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnBr2 | Zinc bromide | 3 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 6 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
| H2O | Water | 9 | – | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zn(OH)2 | Zinc hydroxide | 3 | – | – |
| KBrO3 | Potassium bromate | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| Mn(OH)2 | Manganese(II) hydroxide | 6 | Reduced | – |
| KBr | Potassium bromide | 1 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 408.3 kJ/mol K 0.29 × 10−71 pK 71.53
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 408.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 136.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 68.05 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 45.37 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 136.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 81.66 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 68.05 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 408.3 | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 409.1 kJ/mol K 0.21 × 10−71 pK 71.67
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 288.5 | 409.1 | −394.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 96.17 | 136.4 | −131.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 48.08 | 68.18 | −65.75 | – |
per 1 mol of | 32.06 | 45.46 | −43.83 | – |
per 1 mol of | 96.17 | 136.4 | −131.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 57.70 | 81.82 | −78.90 | – |
per 1 mol of | 48.08 | 68.18 | −65.75 | – |
per 1 mol of | 288.5 | 409.1 | −394.5 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 404.5 kJ/mol K 0.14 × 10−70 pK 70.87
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 284.5 | 404.5 | −393.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 94.83 | 134.8 | −131.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 47.42 | 67.42 | −65.55 | – |
per 1 mol of | 31.61 | 44.94 | −43.70 | – |
per 1 mol of | 94.83 | 134.8 | −131.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 56.90 | 80.90 | −78.66 | – |
per 1 mol of | 47.42 | 67.42 | −65.55 | – |
per 1 mol of | 284.5 | 404.5 | −393.3 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 287.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 95.87 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 47.93 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 31.96 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 95.87 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 57.52 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 47.93 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 287.6 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 613.3 kJ/mol K 0.36 × 10−107 pK 107.45
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 613.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 204.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 102.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 68.14 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 204.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 122.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 102.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 613.3 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 520.1 kJ/mol K 0.76 × 10−91 pK 91.12
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 520.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 173.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 86.68 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 57.79 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 173.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 104.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 86.68 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 520.1 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 520.9 kJ/mol K 0.55 × 10−91 pK 91.26
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 456.9 | 520.9 | −204.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 152.3 | 173.6 | −68.23 | – |
per 1 mol of | 76.15 | 86.82 | −34.12 | – |
per 1 mol of | 50.77 | 57.88 | −22.74 | – |
per 1 mol of | 152.3 | 173.6 | −68.23 | – |
per 1 mol of | 91.38 | 104.2 | −40.94 | – |
per 1 mol of | 76.15 | 86.82 | −34.12 | – |
per 1 mol of | 456.9 | 520.9 | −204.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 516.3 kJ/mol K 0.35 × 10−90 pK 90.45
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 452.9 | 516.3 | −203.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 151.0 | 172.1 | −67.83 | – |
per 1 mol of | 75.48 | 86.05 | −33.92 | – |
per 1 mol of | 50.32 | 57.37 | −22.61 | – |
per 1 mol of | 151.0 | 172.1 | −67.83 | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.58 | 103.3 | −40.70 | – |
per 1 mol of | 75.48 | 86.05 | −33.92 | – |
per 1 mol of | 452.9 | 516.3 | −203.5 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (5)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 456.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 152.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 76.00 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 50.67 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 152.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 91.20 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 76.00 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 456.0 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (6)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 596.6 kJ/mol K 0.30 × 10−104 pK 104.52
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 596.6 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 198.9 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 99.43 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 66.29 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 198.9 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 119.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 99.43 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 596.6 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (7)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 503.4 kJ/mol K 0.64 × 10−88 pK 88.19
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 503.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 167.8 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 83.90 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 55.93 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 167.8 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 100.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 83.90 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 503.4 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (8)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 504.2 kJ/mol K 0.47 × 10−88 pK 88.33
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 504.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 168.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 84.03 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 56.02 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 168.1 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 100.8 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 84.03 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 504.2 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (9)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition◆
ΔrG 499.6 kJ/mol K 0.30 × 10−87 pK 87.53
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 499.6 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 166.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 83.27 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 55.51 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 166.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 99.92 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 83.27 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 499.6 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (10)
- Reaction of zinc bromide and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZnBr2 (cr) | -328.65[1] | -312.13[1] | 138.5[1] | – |
| ZnBr2 (ai) | -396.98[1] | -354.97[1] | 52.7[1] | -238[1] |
| ZnBr2 (ao) | – | -349.4[1] | – | – |
| ZnBr2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -937.2[1] | -799.5[1] | 198.7[1] | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zn(OH)2 (cr) γ | – | -553.81[1] | – | – |
| Zn(OH)2 (cr) β | -641.91[1] | -553.52[1] | 81.2[1] | – |
| Zn(OH)2 (cr) ε | -643.25[1] | -555.07[1] | 81.6[1] | 72.4[1] |
| Zn(OH)2 (cr) precipitated | -642.2[1] | – | – | – |
| Zn(OH)2 (ai) | -613.88[1] | -461.56[1] | -133.5[1] | -251[1] |
| Zn(OH)2 (ao) | – | -522.73[1] | – | – |
| KBrO3 (cr) | -360.24[1] | -271.16[1] | 149.16[1] | 105.19[1] |
| KBrO3 (ai) | -319.45[1] | -264.67[1] | 264.22[1] | – |
| Mn(OH)2 (am) precipitated | -695.4[1] | -615.0[1] | 99.2[1] | – |
| KBr (cr) | -393.798[1] | -380.66[1] | 95.90[1] | 52.30[1] |
| KBr (g) | -180.08[1] | -212.96[1] | 250.52[1] | 36.920[1] |
| KBr (ai) | -373.92[1] | -387.23[1] | 184.9[1] | -120.1[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -328.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -312.13 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 138.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -396.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -354.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 52.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -238. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -349.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -937.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -799.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 198.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -553.81 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -641.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -553.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 81.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -643.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -555.07 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 81.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -642.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -613.88 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -461.56 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -133.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -251. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -522.73 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -360.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -271.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 149.16 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 105.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -319.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -264.67 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -695.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -615.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 99.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -393.798 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -380.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 95.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -180.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -212.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 250.52 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.920 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -373.92 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -387.23 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 184.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -120.1 J · K−1 · mol−1