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4AuCl3 + 3NaOH → 3Na[AuCl4] + Au(OH)3

The reaction of gold(III) chloride and sodium hydroxide yields sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and gold(III) hydroxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
AuCl3Gold(III) chloride4
Brønsted acid
Lewis acid
Salt of weak base
Very soluble in water
NaOHSodium hydroxide3
Brønsted base
Lewis base
Strong base
Very soluble in water

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
Na[AuCl4]Sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III)3
Conjugate acid
Non-redox product
Salt of strong base
Au(OH)3Gold(III) hydroxide1
Conjugate base
Lewis conjugate
Weak base
Insoluble in water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in aqueous solution

Reaction of gold(III) chloride and sodium hydroxide
4AuCl3Crystalline solid + 3NaOHIonized aqueous solution
3Na[AuCl4]Ionized aqueous solution + Au(OH)3Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
per 1 mol of
per 1 mol of

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
AuCl3 (cr)-117.6[1]
AuCl3 (cr)
2 hydrate
-715.0[1]
NaOH (cr)-425.609[1]-379.494[1]64.455[1]59.54[1]
NaOH (g)-207.1[1]-210.0[1]228.43[1]48.37[1]
NaOH (ai)-470.114[1]-419.150[1]48.1[1]-102.1[1]
NaOH (cr)
1 hydrate
-734.543[1]-629.338[1]99.50[1]90.17[1]
NaOH (l)
2 hydrate
-1019.076[1]-873.091[1]195.979[1]239.41[1]
NaOH (l)
3.5 hydrate
-1459.798[1]-1236.356[1]286.089[1]354.43[1]
NaOH (l)
4 hydrate
-1605.15[1]-1356.64[1]318.70[1]
NaOH (l)
5 hydrate
-1894.31[1]-1596.34[1]386.06[1]
NaOH (l)
7 hydrate
-2469.02[1]-2073.80[1]526.31[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Na[AuCl4] (ai)-562.3[1]-497.04[1]325.9[1]
Au(OH)3 (cr)
precipitated
-424.7[1]-316.92[1]189.5[1]
Au(OH)3 (ao)-283.37[1]
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)