4KI + Ca(ClO4)2 + 2H+ → 2KIO3 + 2K+ + Cl2O↑ + CaI2 + H2O
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- Reaction of potassium iodide and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 4KIPotassium iodide + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 2H+Hydrogen ion2KIO3Potassium iodate + 2K+Potassium ion + Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + CaI2Calcium iodide + H2OWater⟶
The reaction of potassium iodide, calcium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields potassium iodate, potassium ion, dichlorine monoxide, calcium iodide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of potassium iodide and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 4KIPotassium iodide + Ca(ClO4)2Calcium perchlorate + 2H+Hydrogen ion2KIO3Potassium iodate + 2K+Potassium ion + Cl2O↑Dichlorine monoxide + CaI2Calcium iodide + H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of potassium iodide and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI | Potassium iodide | 4 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| Ca(ClO4)2 | Calcium perchlorate | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 2 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIO3 | Potassium iodate | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| K+ | Potassium ion | 2 | – | – |
| Cl2O | Dichlorine monoxide | 1 | Reduced | – |
| CaI2 | Calcium iodide | 1 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 1 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of potassium iodide and calcium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −274.9 kJ/mol K 1.45 × 1048 pK −48.16
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −278.9 | −274.9 | −13.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −69.72 | −68.72 | −3.42 | – |
per 1 mol of | −278.9 | −274.9 | −13.7 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −139.4 | −137.4 | −6.85 | – |
per 1 mol of | −139.4 | −137.4 | −6.85 | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | −139.4 | −137.4 | −6.85 | – |
per 1 mol of | −278.9 | −274.9 | −13.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −278.9 | −274.9 | −13.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −278.9 | −274.9 | −13.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI (cr) | -327.900[1] | -324.892[1] | 106.32[1] | 52.93[1] |
| KI (g) | -125.5[1] | -166.1[1] | 258.3[1] | 37.11[1] |
| KI (ai) | -307.57[1] | -334.85[1] | 213.8[1] | -120.5[1] |
| Ca(ClO4)2 (cr) | -736.76[1] | – | – | – |
| Ca(ClO4)2 (ai) | -801.49[1] | -570.62[1] | 310.9[1] | – |
| Ca(ClO4)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1948.9[1] | -1476.47[1] | 433.5[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIO3 (cr) | -501.37[1] | -418.35[1] | 151.46[1] | 106.48[1] |
| KIO3 (ai) | -473.6[1] | -411.2[1] | 220.9[1] | – |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | – | – | – |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| Cl2O (g) | 80.3[1] | 97.9[1] | 266.21[1] | 45.40[1] |
| CaI2 (cr) | -533.5[1] | -528.9[1] | 142[1] | – |
| CaI2 (g) | -272[1] | – | – | – |
| CaI2 (ai) | -653.21[1] | -656.72[1] | 169.5[1] | – |
| CaI2 (cr) 8 hydrate | -2929.6[1] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -327.900 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -324.892 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 106.32 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -125.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -166.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 258.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.11 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -307.57 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -334.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 213.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -120.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -736.76 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -801.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -570.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 310.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1948.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1476.47 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 433.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -501.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -418.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 151.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 106.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -411.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 220.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 514.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -252.38 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 80.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 97.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -533.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -528.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -272. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -653.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -656.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 169.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2929.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1