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6CuCl + 16HNO3 🔥→ 6Cu(NO3)2 + 3Cl2↑ + 4NO↑ + 8H2O

The reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid yields copper(II) nitrate, chlorine, nitrogen monoxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species
Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CuClCopper(I) chloride6
Reducing
Oxidizable
HNO3Nitric acid16
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate6
Oxidized
Cl2Chlorine3
Oxidized
NONitrogen monoxide4
Reduced
H2OWater8

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
6CuClCrystalline solid + 16HNO3Liquid
🔥
6Cu(NO3)2Crystalline solid + 3Cl2Gas + 4NOGas + 8H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−134.2
per 1 mol of
−22.37
per 1 mol of
−8.387
per 1 mol of
−22.37
per 1 mol of
−44.73
per 1 mol of
−33.55
per 1 mol of
−16.77

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
ΔrG6.21 kJ/mol
K0.82 × 10−1
pK1.09
6CuClCrystalline solid + 16HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
6Cu(NO3)2Ionized aqueous solution + 3Cl2Gas + 4NOGas + 8H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
115.66.21371.7
per 1 mol of
19.271.0361.95
per 1 mol of
7.2250.38823.23
per 1 mol of
19.271.0361.95
per 1 mol of
38.532.07123.9
per 1 mol of
28.901.5592.92
per 1 mol of
14.450.77646.46

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
ΔrG27.03 kJ/mol
K0.18 × 10−4
pK4.74
6CuClCrystalline solid + 16HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
6Cu(NO3)2Ionized aqueous solution + 3Cl2Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4NOGas + 8H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
45.427.0366
per 1 mol of
7.574.50511
per 1 mol of
2.841.6894.1
per 1 mol of
7.574.50511
per 1 mol of
15.19.01022
per 1 mol of
11.36.75817
per 1 mol of
5.673.3798.3

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
CuCl (cr)-137.2[1]-119.86[1]86.2[1]48.5[1]
HNO3 (l)-174.10[1]-80.71[1]155.60[1]109.87[1]
HNO3 (g)-135.06[1]-74.72[1]266.38[1]53.35[1]
HNO3 (ai)-207.36[1]-111.25[1]146.4[1]-86.6[1]
HNO3 (l)
1 hydrate
-473.46[1]-328.77[1]216.90[1]182.46[1]
HNO3 (l)
3 hydrate
-1056.04[1]-811.09[1]346.98[1]325.14[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Cu(NO3)2 (cr)-302.9[1]
Cu(NO3)2 (ai)-349.95[1]-157.02[1]193.3[1]
Cu(NO3)2 (cr)
3 hydrate
-1217.1[1]
Cu(NO3)2 (cr)
6 hydrate
-2110.8[1]
Cl2 (g)0[1]0[1]223.066[1]33.907[1]
Cl2 (ao)-23.4[1]6.94[1]121[1]
NO (g)90.25[1]86.55[1]210.761[1]29.844[1]
H2O (cr)
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)