6CuCl + 16HNO3 🔥→ 6Cu(NO3)2 + 3Cl2↑ + 4NO↑ + 8H2O
Last updated:
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
- 6CuClCopper(I) chloride + 16HNO3Nitric acid6Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate + 3↑ + 4NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 8H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid yields copper(II) nitrate, , nitrogen monoxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
- 6CuClCopper(I) chloride + 16HNO3Nitric acid6Cu(NO3)2Copper(II) nitrate + 3↑ + 4NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 8H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
CuCl | Copper(I) chloride | 6 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
HNO3 | Nitric acid | 16 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cu(NO3)2 | Copper(II) nitrate | 6 | Oxidized | – |
3 | Oxidized | – | ||
NO | Nitrogen monoxide | 4 | Reduced | – |
H2O | Water | 8 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −134.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −22.37 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −8.387 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −22.37 | – | – | – |
−44.73 | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | −33.55 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −16.77 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 6.21 kJ/mol K 0.82 × 10−1 pK 1.09
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 115.6 | 6.21 | 371.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 19.27 | 1.03 | 61.95 | – |
per 1 mol of | 7.225 | 0.388 | 23.23 | – |
per 1 mol of | 19.27 | 1.03 | 61.95 | – |
38.53 | 2.07 | 123.9 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 28.90 | 1.55 | 92.92 | – |
per 1 mol of | 14.45 | 0.776 | 46.46 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 27.03 kJ/mol K 0.18 × 10−4 pK 4.74
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 45.4 | 27.03 | 66 | – |
per 1 mol of | 7.57 | 4.505 | 11 | – |
per 1 mol of | 2.84 | 1.689 | 4.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 7.57 | 4.505 | 11 | – |
15.1 | 9.010 | 22 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 11.3 | 6.758 | 17 | – |
per 1 mol of | 5.67 | 3.379 | 8.3 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CuCl (cr) | -137.2[1] | -119.86[1] | 86.2[1] | 48.5[1] |
HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cu(NO3)2 (cr) | -302.9[1] | – | – | – |
Cu(NO3)2 (ai) | -349.95[1] | -157.02[1] | 193.3[1] | – |
Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1217.1[1] | – | – | – |
Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2110.8[1] | – | – | – |
(g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
(ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
NO (g) | 90.25[1] | 86.55[1] | 210.761[1] | 29.844[1] |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -137.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -119.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 86.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 48.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -302.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -349.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -157.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 193.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1217.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2110.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 90.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 86.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.761 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.844 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1