6Li[AlH4] + 16KMnO4 → 6LiOH + 16MnO2 + 3Al2O3 + 8K2O + 9H2O
Last updated:
The reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate yields lithium hydroxide, manganese(IV) oxide, aluminium oxide, potassium oxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li[AlH4] | Lithium tetrahydridoaluminate | 6 | Reducing | Reducing |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 16 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiOH | Lithium hydroxide | 6 | Oxidized | – |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 16 | Reduced | – |
| Al2O3 | Aluminium oxide | 3 | – | – |
| K2O | Potassium oxide | 8 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 9 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −7464.0 kJ/mol K 4.33 × 101307 pK −1307.64
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7628.6 | −7464.0 | −579.5 | 368.3 |
per 1 mol of | −1271.4 | −1244.0 | −96.58 | 61.38 |
per 1 mol of | −476.79 | −466.50 | −36.22 | 23.02 |
per 1 mol of | −1271.4 | −1244.0 | −96.58 | 61.38 |
per 1 mol of | −476.79 | −466.50 | −36.22 | 23.02 |
per 1 mol of | −2542.9 | −2488.0 | −193.2 | 122.8 |
per 1 mol of | −953.58 | −933.00 | −72.44 | 46.04 |
per 1 mol of | −847.62 | −829.33 | −64.39 | 40.92 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7601.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1266.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −475.06 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1266.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −475.06 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2533.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −950.13 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −844.56 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7573 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1262 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −473.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1262 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −473.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2524 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −946.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −841.4 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7588.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1264.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −474.27 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1264.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −474.27 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2529.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −948.55 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −843.16 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (5)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7572.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1262.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −473.26 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1262.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −473.26 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2524.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −946.52 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −841.36 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (6)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7498 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1250 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −468.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1250 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −468.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2499 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −937.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −833.1 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (7)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7348.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1224.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −459.26 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1224.7 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −459.26 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2449.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −918.52 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −816.47 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (8)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7320.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1220.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −457.54 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1220.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −457.54 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2440.2 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −915.08 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −813.40 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (9)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7292 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1215 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −455.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1215 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −455.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2431 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −911.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −810.2 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (10)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7308.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1218.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −456.75 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1218.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −456.75 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2436.0 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −913.50 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −812.00 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (11)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7291.8 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1215.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −455.74 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1215.3 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −455.74 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2430.6 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −911.48 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −810.20 | – | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (12)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7217 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1203 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −451.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −1203 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −451.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −2406 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −902.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −801.9 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −7647.4 kJ/mol K 5.84 × 101339 pK −1339.77
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8464.3 | −7647.4 | −2771.3 | 2435.3 |
per 1 mol of | −1410.7 | −1274.6 | −461.88 | 405.88 |
per 1 mol of | −529.02 | −477.96 | −173.21 | 152.21 |
per 1 mol of | −1410.7 | −1274.6 | −461.88 | 405.88 |
per 1 mol of | −529.02 | −477.96 | −173.21 | 152.21 |
per 1 mol of | −2821.4 | −2549.1 | −923.77 | 811.77 |
per 1 mol of | −1058.0 | −955.92 | −346.41 | 304.41 |
per 1 mol of | −940.48 | −849.71 | −307.92 | 270.59 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lithium tetrahydridoaluminate and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −7654.7 kJ/mol K 1.11 × 101341 pK −1341.05
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −8463.9 | −7654.7 | −2745.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1410.6 | −1275.8 | −457.58 | – |
per 1 mol of | −528.99 | −478.42 | −171.59 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1410.6 | −1275.8 | −457.58 | – |
per 1 mol of | −528.99 | −478.42 | −171.59 | – |
per 1 mol of | −2821.3 | −2551.6 | −915.17 | – |
per 1 mol of | −1058.0 | −956.84 | −343.19 | – |
per 1 mol of | −940.43 | −850.52 | −305.06 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li[AlH4] (cr) | -116.3[1] | -44.7[1] | 78.74[1] | 83.18[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LiOH (cr) | -484.93[1] | -438.95[1] | 42.80[1] | 49.66[1] |
| LiOH (g) | -238.1[1] | -242.3[1] | 210.90[1] | 46.02[1] |
| LiOH (ai) | -508.48[1] | -450.58[1] | 2.80[1] | -79.9[1] |
| LiOH (ao) | -508.4[1] | -451.8[1] | 7.1[1] | – |
| LiOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -788.01[1] | -680.95[1] | 71.21[1] | 79.50[1] |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) α, corundum | -1675.7[1] | -1582.3[1] | 50.92[1] | 79.04[1] |
| Al2O3 (cr) δ | -1666.5[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) ρ | -1657[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) κ | -1662.3[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) γ | -1656.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (am) | -1632[1] | – | – | – |
| Al2O3 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1998.91[1] | -1841.78[1] | 70.67[1] | 106.19[1] |
| Al2O3 (cr) 3 hydrate | -2576.5[1] | – | – | – |
| K2O (cr) | -361.5[1] | -322.1[2] | 94.1[2] | 83.7[2] |
| K2O (g) | -63[1] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -116.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -44.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.74 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 83.18 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -484.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -438.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 42.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.66 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -238.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -242.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -508.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -450.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 2.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -79.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -508.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -451.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 7.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -788.01 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -680.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 71.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1675.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1582.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 50.92 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 79.04 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1666.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1657. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1662.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1656.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1632. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1998.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1841.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 70.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 106.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2576.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -361.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -63. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 2James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfG°, -322.1 kJ · mol−1 - p.280
- ^ S°, 94.1 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.280
- ^ Cp°, 83.7 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.280