7NH4I + HNO3 🔥→ 4N2H4 + 7HI↑ + 3H2O
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- Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid
The reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid yields hydrazine, hydrogen iodide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4I | Ammonium iodide | 7 | Reducing | Reducing |
HNO3 | Nitric acid | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 766.1 kJ/mol K 0.61 × 10−134 pK 134.21
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1114.43 | 766.1 | 1166 | – |
per 1 mol of | 159.204 | 109.4 | 166.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 1114.43 | 766.1 | 1166 | – |
per 1 mol of | 278.608 | 191.5 | 291.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 159.204 | 109.4 | 166.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 371.477 | 255.4 | 388.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 840.3 kJ/mol K 0.61 × 10−147 pK 147.21
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 986.30 | 840.3 | 489 | – |
per 1 mol of | 140.90 | 120.0 | 69.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 986.30 | 840.3 | 489 | – |
per 1 mol of | 246.57 | 210.1 | 122 | – |
per 1 mol of | 140.90 | 120.0 | 69.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 328.77 | 280.1 | 163 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 467.4 kJ/mol K 0.13 × 10−81 pK 81.88
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 414.61 | 467.4 | −178 | – |
per 1 mol of | 59.230 | 66.77 | −25.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 414.61 | 467.4 | −178 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.65 | 116.8 | −44.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 59.230 | 66.77 | −25.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 138.20 | 155.8 | −59.3 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4I (cr) | -201.42[1] | -112.5[1] | 117[1] | – |
NH4I (ai) | -187.69[1] | -130.88[1] | 224.7[1] | -62.3[1] |
HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
N2H4 (l) | 50.63[1] | 149.34[1] | 121.21[1] | 98.87[1] |
N2H4 (g) | 95.40[1] | 159.35[1] | 238.47[1] | 49.58[1] |
N2H4 (ao) | 34.31[1] | 128.1[1] | 138[1] | – |
HI (g) | 26.48[1] | 1.70[1] | 206.594[1] | 29.158[1] |
HI (ai) | -55.19[1] | -51.57[1] | 111.3[1] | -142.3[1] |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -201.42 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -112.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -187.69 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -130.88 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 224.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -62.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 50.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 149.34 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 98.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 95.40 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 159.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.58 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 34.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 128.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 26.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 1.70 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 206.594 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.158 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -55.19 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -51.57 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1