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7NH4I + HNO3 🔥→ 4N2H4 + 7HI↑ + 3H2O

The reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid yields hydrazine, hydrogen iodide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NH4IAmmonium iodide7
Reducing
Reducing
HNO3Nitric acid1
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
N2H4Hydrazine4
Redoxed product
HIHydrogen iodide7
H2OWater3

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid
ΔrG766.1 kJ/mol
K0.61 × 10−134
pK134.21
7NH4ICrystalline solid + HNO3Liquid
🔥
4N2H4Liquid + 7HIGas + 3H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1114.43766.11166
per 1 mol of
159.204109.4166.6
per 1 mol of
1114.43766.11166
per 1 mol of
278.608191.5291.5
per 1 mol of
159.204109.4166.6
per 1 mol of
371.477255.4388.7

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid
ΔrG840.3 kJ/mol
K0.61 × 10−147
pK147.21
7NH4IIonized aqueous solution + HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
4N2H4Un-ionized aqueous solution + 7HIGas + 3H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
986.30840.3489
per 1 mol of
140.90120.069.9
per 1 mol of
986.30840.3489
per 1 mol of
246.57210.1122
per 1 mol of
140.90120.069.9
per 1 mol of
328.77280.1163

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of ammonium iodide and nitric acid
ΔrG467.4 kJ/mol
K0.13 × 10−81
pK81.88
7NH4IIonized aqueous solution + HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
4N2H4Un-ionized aqueous solution + 7HIIonized aqueous solution + 3H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
414.61467.4−178
per 1 mol of
59.23066.77−25.4
per 1 mol of
414.61467.4−178
per 1 mol of
103.65116.8−44.5
per 1 mol of
59.23066.77−25.4
per 1 mol of
138.20155.8−59.3

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NH4I (cr)-201.42[1]-112.5[1]117[1]
NH4I (ai)-187.69[1]-130.88[1]224.7[1]-62.3[1]
HNO3 (l)-174.10[1]-80.71[1]155.60[1]109.87[1]
HNO3 (g)-135.06[1]-74.72[1]266.38[1]53.35[1]
HNO3 (ai)-207.36[1]-111.25[1]146.4[1]-86.6[1]
HNO3 (l)
1 hydrate
-473.46[1]-328.77[1]216.90[1]182.46[1]
HNO3 (l)
3 hydrate
-1056.04[1]-811.09[1]346.98[1]325.14[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
N2H4 (l)50.63[1]149.34[1]121.21[1]98.87[1]
N2H4 (g)95.40[1]159.35[1]238.47[1]49.58[1]
N2H4 (ao)34.31[1]128.1[1]138[1]
HI (g)26.48[1]1.70[1]206.594[1]29.158[1]
HI (ai)-55.19[1]-51.57[1]111.3[1]-142.3[1]
H2O (cr)
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)