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7Cu + 2NaClO4 + H2O → 7CuO + Cl2↑ + 2NaOH

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Reaction of copper and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
7CuCopper + 2NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + H2OWater
⟶
7CuOCopper(II) oxide + Cl2↑Chlorine + 2NaOHSodium hydroxide

The reaction of copper, sodium perchlorate, and water yields copper(II) oxide, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of copper and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
7CuCopper + 2NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + H2OWater
⟶
7CuOCopper(II) oxide + Cl2↑Chlorine + 2NaOHSodium hydroxide

General equation

Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of copper and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CuCopper7
Reducing
Oxidizable
NaClO4Sodium perchlorate2
Oxidizing
Oxidizing
H2OWater1
–
Water

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CuOCopper(II) oxide7
Oxidized
–
Cl2Chlorine1
Reduced
–
NaOHSodium hydroxide2
–
–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of copper and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
◆
ΔrG−920.1 kJ/mol
K1.57 × 10161
pK−161.19
7CuCrystalline solid + 2NaClO4Crystalline solid + H2OLiquid
⟶
7CuOCrystalline solid + Cl2↑Gas + 2NaOHCrystalline solid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−899.9−920.163.8–
per 1 mol of
−128.6−131.49.11–
per 1 mol of
−449.9−460.131.9–
per 1 mol of
−899.9−920.163.8–
per 1 mol of
−128.6−131.49.11–
per 1 mol of
−899.9−920.163.8–
per 1 mol of
−449.9−460.131.9–

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of copper and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
◆
ΔrG−968.3 kJ/mol
K4.35 × 10169
pK−169.64
7CuCrystalline solid + 2NaClO4Ionized aqueous solution + H2OLiquid
⟶
7CuOCrystalline solid + Cl2↑Gas + 2NaOHIonized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1016.6−968.3−166.3–
per 1 mol of
−145.23−138.3−23.76–
per 1 mol of
−508.30−484.1−83.15–
per 1 mol of
−1016.6−968.3−166.3–
per 1 mol of
−145.23−138.3−23.76–
per 1 mol of
−1016.6−968.3−166.3–
per 1 mol of
−508.30−484.1−83.15–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of copper and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
◆
ΔrG−961.3 kJ/mol
K2.59 × 10168
pK−168.41
7CuCrystalline solid + 2NaClO4Ionized aqueous solution + H2OLiquid
⟶
7CuOCrystalline solid + Cl2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2NaOHIonized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1040.0−961.3−268–
per 1 mol of
−148.57−137.3−38.3–
per 1 mol of
−520.00−480.6−134–
per 1 mol of
−1040.0−961.3−268–
per 1 mol of
−148.57−137.3−38.3–
per 1 mol of
−1040.0−961.3−268–
per 1 mol of
−520.00−480.6−134–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Cu (cr)0[1]0[1]33.150[1]24.435[1]
Cu (g)338.32[1]298.58[1]166.38[1]20.786[1]
NaClO4 (cr)-383.30[1]-254.85[1]142.3[1]–
NaClO4 (ai)-369.45[1]-270.41[1]241.0[1]–
NaClO4 (cr)
1 hydrate
-677.77[1]-494.29[1]190.8[1]–
H2O (cr)––––
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
CuO (cr)-157.3[1]-129.7[1]42.63[1]42.30[1]
Cl2 (g)0[1]0[1]223.066[1]33.907[1]
Cl2 (ao)-23.4[1]6.94[1]121[1]–
NaOH (cr)-425.609[1]-379.494[1]64.455[1]59.54[1]
NaOH (g)-207.1[1]-210.0[1]228.43[1]48.37[1]
NaOH (ai)-470.114[1]-419.150[1]48.1[1]-102.1[1]
NaOH (cr)
1 hydrate
-734.543[1]-629.338[1]99.50[1]90.17[1]
NaOH (l)
2 hydrate
-1019.076[1]-873.091[1]195.979[1]239.41[1]
NaOH (l)
3.5 hydrate
-1459.798[1]-1236.356[1]286.089[1]354.43[1]
NaOH (l)
4 hydrate
-1605.15[1]-1356.64[1]318.70[1]–
NaOH (l)
5 hydrate
-1894.31[1]-1596.34[1]386.06[1]–
NaOH (l)
7 hydrate
-2469.02[1]-2073.80[1]526.31[1]–
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)