7NaCl + 2KBrO3 + 7H+ 🔥→ 7Na+ + 5HClO + Br2 + 2KCl + H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition
- 7NaClSodium chloride + 2KBrO3Potassium bromate + 7H+Hydrogen ion7Na+Sodium ion + 5HClOHypochlorous acid + + 2KClPotassium chloride + H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, potassium bromate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, hypochlorous acid, , potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition
- 7NaClSodium chloride + 2KBrO3Potassium bromate + 7H+Hydrogen ion7Na+Sodium ion + 5HClOHypochlorous acid + + 2KClPotassium chloride + H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl | Sodium chloride | 7 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
KBrO3 | Potassium bromate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
H+ | Hydrogen ion | 7 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na+ | Sodium ion | 7 | – | – |
HClO | Hypochlorous acid | 5 | Oxidized | – |
1 | Reduced | – | ||
KCl | Potassium chloride | 2 | – | – |
H2O | Water | 1 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of sodium chloride and potassium bromate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −13.7 kJ/mol K 2.51 × 102 pK −2.40
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 77.0 | −13.7 | 304 | – |
per 1 mol of | 11.0 | −1.96 | 43.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 38.5 | −6.85 | 152 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 11.0 | −1.96 | 43.4 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 11.0 | −1.96 | 43.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 15.4 | −2.74 | 60.8 | – |
77.0 | −13.7 | 304 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 38.5 | −6.85 | 152 | – |
per 1 mol of | 77.0 | −13.7 | 304 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
KBrO3 (cr) | -360.24[1] | -271.16[1] | 149.16[1] | 105.19[1] |
KBrO3 (ai) | -319.45[1] | -264.67[1] | 264.22[1] | – |
H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
HClO (g) | -78.7[1] | -66.1[1] | 236.67[1] | 37.15[1] |
HClO (ao) | -120.9[1] | -79.9[1] | 142[1] | – |
(cr) | – | – | – | – |
(l) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 152.231[1] | 75.689[1] |
(g) | 30.907[1] | 3.110[1] | 245.463[1] | 36.02[1] |
(ao) | -2.59[1] | 3.93[1] | 130.5[1] | – |
KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -360.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -271.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 149.16 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 105.19 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -319.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -264.67 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -78.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -66.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 236.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.15 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 152.231 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.689 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 30.907 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 3.110 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 245.463 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.02 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2.59 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 3.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1