8HCl + 2KNO3 🔥→ 3Cl2 + 2NO + 2KCl + 4H2O
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- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate
The reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate yields , nitrogen monoxide, potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 8 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KNO3 | Potassium nitrate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Oxidized | – | ||
| NO | Nitrogen monoxide | 2 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 2 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 4 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate◆
ΔrG −41.58 kJ/mol K 1.93 × 107 pK −7.28
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −108.60 | −41.58 | −225.82 | 139.41 |
per 1 mol of | −13.575 | −5.197 | −28.227 | 17.426 |
per 1 mol of | −54.300 | −20.79 | −112.91 | 69.705 |
| −36.200 | −13.86 | −75.273 | 46.470 | |
per 1 mol of | −54.300 | −20.79 | −112.91 | 69.705 |
per 1 mol of | −54.300 | −20.79 | −112.91 | 69.705 |
per 1 mol of | −27.150 | −10.39 | −56.455 | 34.852 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate◆
ΔrG 234.49 kJ/mol K 0.83 × 10−41 pK 41.08
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 454.87 | 234.49 | 738.6 | 1454.4 |
per 1 mol of | 56.859 | 29.311 | 92.33 | 181.80 |
per 1 mol of | 227.44 | 117.25 | 369.3 | 727.20 |
| 151.62 | 78.163 | 246.2 | 484.80 | |
per 1 mol of | 227.44 | 117.25 | 369.3 | 727.20 |
per 1 mol of | 227.44 | 117.25 | 369.3 | 727.20 |
per 1 mol of | 113.72 | 58.623 | 184.7 | 363.60 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and potassium nitrate◆
ΔrG 255.31 kJ/mol K 0.19 × 10−44 pK 44.73
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 384.7 | 255.31 | 432 | – |
per 1 mol of | 48.09 | 31.914 | 54.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 192.3 | 127.66 | 216 | – |
| 128.2 | 85.103 | 144 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 192.3 | 127.66 | 216 | – |
per 1 mol of | 192.3 | 127.66 | 216 | – |
per 1 mol of | 96.17 | 63.828 | 108 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| KNO3 (cr) | -494.63[1] | -394.86[1] | 133.05[1] | 96.40[1] |
| KNO3 (ai) | -459.74[1] | -394.53[1] | 248.9[1] | -64.9[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| NO (g) | 90.25[1] | 86.55[1] | 210.761[1] | 29.844[1] |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -494.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -394.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 133.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 96.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -459.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -394.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -64.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 90.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 86.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.761 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.844 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1