9Hg2Cl2 + 14KMnO4 + 36H+ → 18Hg2+ + 4HClO3 + 14MnO2 + 14KCl + 16H2O
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- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 9Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 14KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 36H+Hydrogen ion18Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + 4HClO3Chloric acid + 14MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 14KClPotassium chloride + 16H2OWater⟶
The reaction of mercury(I) chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields mercury(II) ion, chloric acid, manganese(IV) oxide, potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 9Hg2Cl2Mercury(I) chloride + 14KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 36H+Hydrogen ion18Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + 4HClO3Chloric acid + 14MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 14KClPotassium chloride + 16H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 | Mercury(I) chloride | 9 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 14 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 36 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ | Mercury(II) ion | 18 | Oxidized | – |
| HClO3 | Chloric acid | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 14 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 14 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 16 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of mercury(I) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −1057.8 kJ/mol K 2.08 × 10185 pK −185.32
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1563.0 | −1057.8 | −1687.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −173.67 | −117.53 | −187.49 | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.64 | −75.557 | −120.53 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −43.417 | −29.383 | −46.872 | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | −86.833 | −58.767 | −93.744 | – |
per 1 mol of | −390.75 | −264.45 | −421.85 | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.64 | −75.557 | −120.53 | – |
per 1 mol of | −111.64 | −75.557 | −120.53 | – |
per 1 mol of | −97.688 | −66.112 | −105.46 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 (cr) | -265.22[1] | -210.745[1] | 192.5[1] | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2+ (g) | 2890.47[1] | – | – | – |
| Hg2+ (ao) | 171.1[1] | 164.40[1] | -32.2[1] | – |
| HClO3 (ai) | -103.97[1] | -7.95[1] | 162.3[1] | – |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -265.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2890.47 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 171.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 164.40 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -32.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -103.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -7.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 162.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1