NiCl2 + 2H2O 💧⚡→ Ni(OH)2 + Cl2↑ + H2↑
Last updated:
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent
Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride yields nickel(II) hydroxide, , and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution with water as oxidizing agent
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterReducing agent + H2OOxidizing agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiCl2 | Nickel(II) chloride | 1 | Reducing | Very soluble in water |
| H2O | Water | 2 | Oxidizing | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni(OH)2 | Nickel(II) hydroxide | 1 | – | – |
| 1 | Oxidized | – | ||
| 1 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 286.1 kJ/mol K 0.75 × 10−50 pK 50.12
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 347.3 | 286.1 | 204 | – |
per 1 mol of | 347.3 | 286.1 | 204 | – |
per 1 mol of | 173.7 | 143.1 | 102 | – |
per 1 mol of | 347.3 | 286.1 | 204 | – |
| 347.3 | 286.1 | 204 | – | |
| 347.3 | 286.1 | 204 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 335.0 kJ/mol K 0.20 × 10−58 pK 58.69
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 430.3 | 335.0 | 317 | – |
per 1 mol of | 430.3 | 335.0 | 317 | – |
per 1 mol of | 215.2 | 167.5 | 159 | – |
per 1 mol of | 430.3 | 335.0 | 317 | – |
| 430.3 | 335.0 | 317 | – | |
| 430.3 | 335.0 | 317 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 352.6 kJ/mol K 0.17 × 10−61 pK 61.77
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 426.1 | 352.6 | 763 | – |
per 1 mol of | 426.1 | 352.6 | 763 | – |
per 1 mol of | 213.1 | 176.3 | 382 | – |
per 1 mol of | 426.1 | 352.6 | 763 | – |
| 426.1 | 352.6 | 763 | – | |
| 426.1 | 352.6 | 763 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 341.9 kJ/mol K 0.13 × 10−59 pK 59.90
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 406.9 | 341.9 | 215 | – |
per 1 mol of | 406.9 | 341.9 | 215 | – |
per 1 mol of | 203.4 | 170.9 | 108 | – |
per 1 mol of | 406.9 | 341.9 | 215 | – |
| 406.9 | 341.9 | 215 | – | |
| 406.9 | 341.9 | 215 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride with water as oxidizing agent◆
ΔrG 359.5 kJ/mol K 0.10 × 10−62 pK 62.98
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 402.7 | 359.5 | 661 | – |
per 1 mol of | 402.7 | 359.5 | 661 | – |
per 1 mol of | 201.3 | 179.8 | 331 | – |
per 1 mol of | 402.7 | 359.5 | 661 | – |
| 402.7 | 359.5 | 661 | – | |
| 402.7 | 359.5 | 661 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiCl2 (cr) | -305.332[1] | -259.032[1] | 97.65[1] | 71.67[1] |
| NiCl2 (ai) | -388.3[1] | -307.9[1] | -15.1[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -922.2[1] | -760.1[1] | 176[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1516.7[1] | -1234.9[1] | 243[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2103.17[1] | -1713.19[1] | 344.3[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni(OH)2 (cr) | -529.7[1] | -447.2[1] | 88[1] | – |
| Ni(OH)2 (ai) | -513.8[1] | -360.2[1] | -150.2[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -305.332 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -259.032 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 97.65 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -388.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -307.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -15.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -922.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -760.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 176. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1516.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1234.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 243. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2103.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1713.19 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 344.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -529.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -447.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 88. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -513.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -360.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -150.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1