4HgCl2 + H2O 💧⚡→ 2Hg2Cl2 + Cl2O↑ + 2HCl↑
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- Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride with water as non-redox agent
Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride yields mercury(I) chloride, dichlorine monoxide, and hydrogen chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride with water as non-redox agent
General equation
- Electrolysis of aqueous solution with water as non redox agent
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterSelf redox agent + H2ONon-redox agent💧⚡⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride with water as non-redox agent
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HgCl2 | Mercury(II) chloride | 4 | Self redox agent | Soluble in water |
| H2O | Water | 1 | – | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 | Mercury(I) chloride | 2 | Reduced | – |
| Cl2O | Dichlorine monoxide | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 2 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride with water as non-redox agent◆
ΔrG 437.3 kJ/mol K 0.24 × 10−76 pK 76.61
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 548.3 | 437.3 | 371.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 137.1 | 109.3 | 92.78 | – |
per 1 mol of | 548.3 | 437.3 | 371.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 274.1 | 218.7 | 185.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 548.3 | 437.3 | 371.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 274.1 | 218.7 | 185.6 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride with water as non-redox agent◆
ΔrG 415.7 kJ/mol K 0.15 × 10−72 pK 72.83
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 516.3 | 415.7 | 335 | – |
per 1 mol of | 129.1 | 103.9 | 83.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 516.3 | 415.7 | 335 | – |
per 1 mol of | 258.1 | 207.8 | 168 | – |
per 1 mol of | 516.3 | 415.7 | 335 | – |
per 1 mol of | 258.1 | 207.8 | 168 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Electrolysis of aqueous mercury(II) chloride with water as non-redox agent◆
ΔrG 343.9 kJ/mol K 0.56 × 10−60 pK 60.25
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 366.6 | 343.9 | 74 | – |
per 1 mol of | 91.65 | 85.97 | 19 | – |
per 1 mol of | 366.6 | 343.9 | 74 | – |
per 1 mol of | 183.3 | 171.9 | 37 | – |
per 1 mol of | 366.6 | 343.9 | 74 | – |
per 1 mol of | 183.3 | 171.9 | 37 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HgCl2 (cr) | -224.3[1] | -178.6[1] | 146.0[1] | – |
| HgCl2 (ao) | -216.3[1] | -173.2[1] | 155[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hg2Cl2 (cr) | -265.22[1] | -210.745[1] | 192.5[1] | – |
| Cl2O (g) | 80.3[1] | 97.9[1] | 266.21[1] | 45.40[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -224.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -178.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -216.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -173.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -265.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 80.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 97.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1