Nickel(II) chloride
Nickel(II) chloride is an inorganic compound with formula NiCl2.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Nickel(II) chloride
- Compositional nomenclature
- Nickel(II) chloride
- Nickel dichloride
- Other names
- Nickelous chloride
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- NiCl2
- Compositional formula
- NiCl2
- Structural formula
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent ions
| Ion | Name | Charge number | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ni2+ | Nickel(II) ion | 2 | 1 |
| Cl− | Chloride ion | -1 | 2 |
Constituent atoms
| Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ni | Nickel | +2 | 1 |
| Cl | Chlorine | −1 | 2 |
Ratio of atoms
| Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni | 58.6934 | 1 | 33.33% | 45.29% |
| Cl | 35.45 | 2 | 66.67% | 54.71% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
Standard thermodynamic properties
State | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline solid | −305.332[3] | −259.032[3] | 97.65[3] | 71.67[3] |
| Ionized aqueous solution | −388.3[3] | −307.9[3] | −15.1[3] | – |
| Crystalline solid 2 hydrate | −922.2[3] | −760.1[3] | 176.[3] | – |
| Crystalline solid 4 hydrate | −1516.7[3] | −1234.9[3] | 243.[3] | – |
| Crystalline solid 6 hydrate | −2103.17[3] | −1713.19[3] | 344.3[3] | – |
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[1]
| 0°C | 10°C | 20°C | 30°C | 40°C | 60°C | 80°C | 100°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53.4 | 56.3 | 60.8 | 70.6 | 73.2 | 81.2 | 86.6 | 87.6 |
Solubility in ethanol (g/100 g)[4]
| 20°C |
|---|
| 10.05 |
Solubility in formic acid (g/100 g, 95%)[4]
| 20.5°C |
|---|
| 5.9 |
Solubility in hydrazine (g/100 mL)[4]
| 20°C |
|---|
| 8 |
Solubility in concentrated hydrochloric acid (g/100 mL)[4]
| 12°C |
|---|
| 0.4 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Solubility curve (g/100 mL)
Hazards
GHS label[5]
- Hazard pictograms
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- H302: Harmful if swallowed
- H315: Causes skin irritation
- H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
- H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction
- H350: May cause cancer
- H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child
- H371: May cause damage to organs
- H371: May cause damage to nervous system
- H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H373: May cause damage to respiratory system through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H373: May cause damage to central nervous system through prolonged or repeated exposure
- H400: Very toxic to aquatic life
- H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Physical hazards[5]
Health hazards[5]
Environmental hazards[5]
Preparations
Reaction of metal and nonmetal
The reaction of and yields nickel(II) chloride.
Reaction of acid and base
The reaction of hydrogen chloride and nickel(II) hydroxide yields nickel(II) chloride and water.
Reaction of basic oxide and acid
The reaction of basic oxide and acid can yield nickel(II) chloride.
Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid
The reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid can yield nickel(II) chloride.
Reaction of active metal and acid
The reaction of and hydrogen chloride yields nickel(II) chloride and .
Chemical reactions
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of nickel(II) chloride yields nickel(II) ion and chloride ion.
Reaction with strong base
The reaction of nickel(II) chloride and strong base yields salt of strong base and nickel(II) hydroxide.
Reaction with nonvolatile acid
The reaction of nickel(II) chloride and sulfuric acid yields nickel(II) sulfate and hydrogen chloride.
Reaction with reducing species
The reaction of reducing species and nickel(II) chloride yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species
The reaction of oxidizable species and nickel(II) chloride yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species
The reaction of nickel(II) chloride and oxidizing species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species under acidic condition
The reaction of nickel(II) chloride, oxidizing species, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species under neutral condition
The reaction of nickel(II) chloride, oxidizing species, and water yields a variety of products.
Precipitation reaction
When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with nickel(II) chloride to form a precipitate.
Electrolysis of aqueous solution
Electrolysis of aqueous nickel(II) chloride yields a variety of products.
Molten salt electrolysis
Molten salt electrolysis of nickel(II) chloride yields and .
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- 2John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Enthalpy of fusion, 77.9 kJ · mol−1 - p.6-158
- 3Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -305.332 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -259.032 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 97.65 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -388.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -307.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -15.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -922.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -760.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 176. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1516.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1234.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 243. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2103.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1713.19 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 344.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- 4Atherton Seidell (1919)Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds: A Compilation of Quantitative Solubility Data From the Periodical LiteratureD. Van Nostrand Company
- 5Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation
